Chapter 6 KTR

Question 1

Representation

Answer 1

Those we elect should look out for local interests and carry out represented wills

Question 2

Represent constituency

Answer 2

Body of voters in specified area who elect representative to legislative body

Question 3

Policy representation

Answer 3

Congressional work for laws that advocate economic and social interests of constituency

Question 4

Allocative representation

Answer 4

Congressperson gets projects and grants for district

Question 5

Pork Barrel

Answer 5

Paid for by all taxpayers but enjoyed by a few Congress members

Question 6

Casework

Answer 6

Constituency service; covers things such as civilian problems

Question 7

Symbolic representation

Answer 7

Members of Congress represent positive values that Americans associate with public life and government

Question 8

National lawmaking

Answer 8

Address country’s social/economic problems through passing laws that serve interests of entire nation

Question 9

Congressional Powers/Responsibilities

Answer 9

• Laid out in Article I, Section 8
• Tax, pay debt, common defense
• Initiate legislation and must pass every bill in identical form before signed by pres.

Question 10

Senate

Answer 10

• Higher educated, intellectual
• 100 members
• 6 years; can suspend preoccupation with next campaign for 5 years
• 30 year old minimum
• Tries official who is being impeached
• Ability to confirm appt.

Question 11

House

Answer 11

• 435 members; hierarchal system
• 2 year term
• 25 year minimum
• Initiate Budget Bills
• Impeaches with treason, bribery, high crimes

Question 12

Checks and balances

Answer 12

• Congress’ bills: (1) Pres. signs or refrains from voting; (2) 2/3 majority to override
• Congressional oversight
• Congress sets up lower federal courts/salaries/establishes issues of jurisdiction

Question 13

Congressional oversight

Answer 13

-Congress keeps president/executive branch in check through hearings, selective investigations of executive actions

Question 14

of Senators/House

Answer 14

• 2 Senators/state

- Based on population for House

Question 15

Reapportionment

Answer 15

-435 House seats are reallocated among the states after 10 year census

Question 16

Redistricting

Answer 16

-Redrawing district lines in states with more than one rep.

Question 17

Gerrymandering

Answer 17

-Process of drawing district lines to benefit one group

Question 18

Pro-Incumbent Gerrymandering

Answer 18

-State legislature so closely divided members can’t agree who to favor; agree to create districts that reinforce current power structure

Question 19

Partisan Gerrymandering

Answer 19

-Draw districts to maximize number of House seats their party can win

Question 20

Racial Gerrymandering

Answer 20

District lines to favor or disadvantage of racial group

Question 21

Coattail Effect

Answer 21

Added votes congressional candidates of winning presidential party receive in presidential election year as voters generalize enthusiasm for national candidate to whole party

Question 22

Midterm Loss

Answer 22

Regularity with which presidential party loses seats in Congress in midterm elections (between presidential election years)

Question 23

Party/Leadership in House

Answer 23

• Majority party decides rules; Speaker of the House, maj./min. leaders, whips
• Mechanism for advancement, stand for wide variety of problems
• Speaker elected by majority party

Question 24

Party/Leadership in Senate

Answer 24

• More decentralized
• Presiding officer is VP; casts tie-breaking vote when necessary
• President Pro Temper of Senate presides when VP not present
• Real leadership in majority and minority leaders; influence scheduling of bills

Question 25

Whips

Answer 25

Find out how people intend to vote so leaders can adjust legislation and negotiate acceptable amendments to garner support

Question 26

Committee System

Answer 26

- Details of legislation are worked out; hand work of considering alternatives and draft legislation - Undertake congressional oversight

Question 27

Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946

Answer 27

Act that supports congressional oversight; continuous watchfulness

Question 28

Standing Committee

Answer 28

- Most of work accomplished; permanent committees created by statute and carry over from session to session - Review legislation; amend, kill

Question 29

Rules Committee

Answer 29

- Only in House | - Decides rules and are controlled by Majority Party

Question 30

Select Committee

Answer 30

- Temporary, do not recommend legislation | - used to gather info

Question 31

Joint Committees

Answer 31

- Made up of both houses of Congress | - Coordinated activities to expedite consideration of legislation

Question 32

Conference Committees

Answer 32

Temporary committees of both houses of Congress commissioned to resolve differences

Question 33

Congressional Research Service

Answer 33

- Unit of Library of Congress | - 180 people

Question 34

Government Accountability Office

Answer 34

- 5,000 employees | - Audits books of executive members with economic estimates

Question 35

Congressional Policymaking: | -Bicameral

Answer 35

-All congressional policy has to be passed by both houses

Question 36

Congressional Policymaking: | -Fragmentation

Answer 36

-Legislation is broken into bits; each considered by individual committees

Question 37

Congressional Policymaking: | -Congressional Norms

Answer 37

-Informal rules of procedure learned by newcomers; work hard, develop specialization...

Question 38

Bill Becomes Law: | -Proposed, legislative agenda

Answer 38

- Problem that is possible, appropriate, and timely for Congress to solve - Gets public attention, triggered by well of publicized event, members find it in own interest

Question 39

Policy Entrepreneurship

Answer 39

Finding right policy to push at right time

Question 40

Legislative Process

Answer 40

1. Bill introduced 2. Committee/subcommittee consider 3. House/Senate consider an vote 4. Conference committee to resolve 5. Bill passes 6. President signs

Question 41

House Legislative Process

Answer 41

- Bill proposed in hopper - Bill taken by clerk, number - Standing to Rules Committee

Question 42

Senate Legislative Process

Answer 42

- Guarantee open rule by default | - Majority leader/minority schedule legislation for consideration

Question 43

Filibuster

Answer 43

-Sometimes used to tie up floor in debate; stopped by cloture

Question 44

Roll Call Voting

Answer 44

-Congressional voting; all votes public record, party is most important factor

Question 45

Veto Override

Answer 45

-Congress can attempt to override with 2/3 vote

Question 46

Pocket Veto

Answer 46

-Pres. does not sign bill within 10 days of the end of session; Congress cannot veto override after that