Chapter 6: McGraw Practice

Question 1

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing ___.

Answer 1

Skin cancer

Question 2

Water loss from the skin is minimal because of the structure of the ___.

Answer 2

Epidermis

Question 3

Which correctly describes the thickness of the two indicated structures?

Answer 3

The dermis is typically thicker than the epidermis

Question 4

The subcutaneous layer is comprised of what tissue type(s)?

Answer 4

Areolar & Adipose Tissue

Question 5

Why does the elevated body temperature seen with a fever develop?

Answer 5

Because the set point for body temperature becomes elevated

Question 6

In treating a burn patient, how is the “rule of nines” used?

Answer 6

To estimate the surface area of the burn

Question 7

Excessive collagen production during wound healing results in ___.

Answer 7

Scar Formation

Question 8

Structures including a bulb, a bulge, and a papilla are all associated with what skin structure?

Answer 8

Hair Follicle

Question 9

True or False: The amount of keratin produced during the formation of a hair determines its hair color.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with what structures?

Answer 10

Muscles, Glands, and Sensory Receptors

Question 11

What is a function of the protein p53?

Answer 11

Not stimulates mitosis in the stratum basale
could be protects cells, forms links or stimulates hair

Question 12

While baking a pizza, Jack accidentally touches his arm against the top of the oven while trying to remove it. The area becomes very red, and shortly after the injury, a large blister forms. While it is painful and warm, the burn isn’t dry or leathery and the skin isn’t blanched white or charred black. This is a type of burn called a ___ burn.

Answer 12

Second Degree

Question 13

When treating an extensive burn, what type of graft involves using undamaged skin from another area of the body to repair the burn?

Answer 13

Autograft

Question 14

Name the tough fibrous protein that is responsible for the waterproof nature of skin.

Answer 14

Keratin

Question 15

True or False: The outermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum basale and the innermost layer is the stratum corneum.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

A core body temperature that drops below 35ºC (95ºF) is called ___.

Answer 16

Hypothermia

Question 17

True or False: Melanocytes can transfer granules of melanin into nearby epithelial cells.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What term describes a burn affecting only the epidermis?

Answer 18

Superficial partial thickness burn

Question 19

What cell type gives rise to cutaneous melanomas?

Answer 19

Melanocytes

Question 20

Which is the most likely explanation for the defect in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, in which the skin develops blisters in response to any touch?

Answer 20

Collagen fibers that attach the epidermis to the dermis break down

Question 21

Wrinkles develop with aging. What change to the skin would cause these wrinkles to occur?

Answer 21

Fat is lost from the subcutaneous layer and the dermis shrinks

Question 22

True or False: Melanin production is greater in the skin of people who spend most of their time outdoors than in people who do not.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Blonde and red hair is due to the abundance of ___, whereas dark hair is due to having more ___.

Answer 23

Pheomelanin, Eumelanin

Question 24

Consuming too many vegetables containing the pigment carotene can result in deposits of the pigment in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. What color may result in the skin due to the pigment deposits?

Answer 24

Orange Tint

Question 25

Carlee slammed her fingers in a door. One of her fingernails is damaged near the lunula, forming a white oval at the site of the injury. As time progresses, what happens to the damaged (white) area?

Answer 25

The white oval will gradually move out toward the free edge of the nail and then be worn away along with neighboring normal areas of the nail

Question 26

True or False: A 72-year old decides to get a tattoo. The tattoo artist will have to set the needle depth to a deeper setting because the epidermis of the elderly is thicker and tougher than in younger skin.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

How might merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands be described?

Answer 27

Secrete in response to elevated body temperature

Question 28

Normally, melanin is confined to what area of the skin?

Answer 28

Epidermis

Question 29

Structures within the skin, called accessory structures, originate from the ___.

Answer 29

Epidermis

Question 30

A parent donates part of their liver to their child who suffers from cystic fibrosis. This is an example of an ___.

Answer 30

Allograft

Question 31

A new acne medication works by significantly slowing down production of sebum. The structures targeted by this medication are the ___ glands.

Answer 31

Sebaceous

Question 32

Arrector pili muscles are attached to what feature of the skin?

Answer 32

Hair Follicles

Question 33

The subcutaneous layer acts as a heat insulator due to it containing ___ tissue.

Answer 33

Adipose

Question 34

A dry, waterproof epidermis is due to the process of ___.

Answer 34

Keratinization

Question 35

True or False: Sweating cools the body by evaporation.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

The deepest cells of the epidermis are those of the stratum ___.

Answer 36

Basale

Question 37

What is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment?

Answer 37

Dermal blood vessel constricts

Question 38

Where are the blood vessels that supply the epidermal cells with nutrients found?

Answer 38

Dermis

Question 39

What are dermal papillae?

Answer 39

Projections of dermal tissue between epidermal ridges

Question 40

True or False: The arrector pili muscle is composed of striated muscle tissue.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

What layer of the epidermis is absent from thin skin?

Answer 41

Stratum Lucidum

Question 42

Decreased hair growth, decreased number of sensory receptors in the skin, and inability to regulate body temperature are all signs of ___.

Answer 42

Aging

Question 43

What cell type gives rise to cutaneous melanomas?

Answer 43

Melanocytes

Question 44

What type of glands secrete breast milk and ear wax?

Answer 44

Modified Apocrine Sweat Glands

Question 45

After a severe burn, new skin may grow outward from the hair follicles. Why would new growth originate at the hair follicles?

Answer 45

Hair follicles contain a region that gives rise to stem cells

Question 46

True or False: Melanocytes synthesize melanin, which protects underlying cells from the effects of ultraviolet light.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

True or False: The stratum granulosum is superficial to the stratum spinosum.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

As a person ages, what happens to their skin?

Answer 48

The skin becomes thinner

Question 49

Explain the color difference in very dark skin compared to light skin.

Answer 49

Dark skin contains one large pigment granule in each melanin

Question 50

What feature of the skin is involved in acne?

Answer 50

Sebaceous Glands

Question 51

What are corns?

Answer 51

Keratinized Conical Masses

Question 52

Which of the following describes a feature of the epidermis?

Answer 52

It lacks blood vessels

Question 53

True or False: If the entire epidermis were to become keratinized, skin would become incredibly hard and inflexible.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

What causes the redness and swelling in an area of injury or infection during the inflammatory response?

Answer 54

Vasodilation of blood vessels

Question 55

Where are apocrine sweat glands most abundant?

Answer 55

In the Axillae (Armpits)

Question 56

True or False: Melanin production is greater in the skin of people who spend most of their time outdoors than in people who do not.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

True or False: A second-degree burn is the same as a full-thickness burn.

Answer 57

False

Question 58

What type of injections are administered into the tissues of the skin?

Answer 58

Not subcutaneous could be intradermal, intramuscular or hypodermic

Question 59

How can the body generate heat when one gets chilled?

Answer 59

By increasing skeletal muscle activity

Question 60

True or False: When showering, a young woman loses what looks like hundreds of hairs. Even so, she should not be concerned about impending baldness.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

Localized redness, swelling, warmth, and pain are indicators of ___, the normal response to injury.

Answer 61

Inflammation

Question 62

Why are the elderly less able to maintain a stable body temperature?

Answer 62

They have fewer sweat glands

Question 63

True or False: The arrector pili muscle is composed of striated muscle tissue.

Answer 63

False

Question 64

What is the primary means of body heat loss?

Answer 64

Radiation

Question 65

What tissue type forms most of the dermis?

Answer 65

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Question 66

True or False: The major blood vessels that supply the skin lie between the dermis and the epidermis.

Answer 66

False

Question 67

True or False: Sunlight, ultraviolet light, and X-rays all darken skin because they increase blood flow to the dermis.

Answer 67

False

Question 68

During wound healing, what forms the scab?

Answer 68

Fibrin and blood cells

Question 69

True or False: Besides the production of melanin, three factors that affect the color of skin are volume of blood in dermal vessels, presence of carotene in the subcutaneous layer, and various diseases.

Answer 69

True

Question 70

Why might a pressure ulcer form?

Answer 70

Not Continual friction causes an overgrowth of epidermis Could be Loss of blood supply to the skin leads to necrosis of skin cells, An injury involving only the epidermis does not heal correctly or Abrasions wear away the superficial layers of skin

Question 71

Epidermis is composed of ___, whereas dermis is composed of ___.

Answer 71

Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue, Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Question 72

Katy is an aspiring tattoo artist and is doing her first tattoo. Being nervous, she doesn't adjust the needle depth setting on the tattoo machine properly. As a result, the ink is only deposited into the dermis in some spots, while much of it is deposited into the lower layers of the epidermis. What will happen to the tattoo?

Answer 72

In about a month or so, the ink deposited into the epidermis will be gone

Question 73

What forms the shafts of hair?

Answer 73

Dead epidermal cells