Chapter 6 Study Guide answers Flashcards

Question

Sharpey (perforating) fibers

Answer 1

Sharpy fibers are collagen that go from fibrous layer into the bone. Dense = tendons

Answer 2

Thin plates of periosteum covered compact bones and endosteum covered spongy (dipole). Bone marrow is present but not in a cavity.

Answer 3

1. Occurs in the red marrow, which is primarily in the flat bones and irregular bones. 2. Yellow can revert to red if needed. (anemia)

Answer 4

Lamella (growth rings on tree)

Answer 5

nerve supply.

Answer 6

a. Trabeculae which are aligned precisely along line of stress. b. Irregularly arranged lamellae. c. Osteocytes connected by canaliculi d. No osteons are present e. Nutrients reach bone by diffusion.

Answer 7

1. Ground substance 2. Collagen fibers 3. Osteocytes

Answer 8

1. Hydroxyapatites or mineral salts. 2. CaPO4 which is responsible for the hardness. 3. Compression = ½ of steel, Tension = steel.

Answer 9

all bones except skull and clavicles

Answer 10

Skull & clavicle

Answer 11

1. A bone Collar is forms around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage 2. Cartilage in the center of the diaphysis calcifies and then develops cavities 3. The periosteal bud invades the internal cavities and spongy bone forms 4. The diaphysis elongates and a medullary cavity forms. Secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphysis. 5. The epiphysis ossify. When completed, hyaline cartilageremains only in epiphysis plates and articular cartilage.

Answer 12

1. Ossification centers appear in the fibrous connective tissue membrane. Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts. 2. Osteoid is secreted within the fibrous membrane and calcifies. Bone matrix (osteoid) is secreted by the osteoblasts. Osteoblasts become trapped and become osteocytes. 3. Woven bone and periosteum form. Osteoid is laid down around blood vessels which forms trabeculae. The vascular condenses around the osteoid and forms the periosteum. 4. Lamellar bone replaces woven bone just deep to the periosteum. red marrow appears. The trabeculae thickens and is replaced by lamellae and compact bone (bone collar). The diploe persists internally and its vascular system becomes red marrow.

Answer 13

1. In childhood, growth is controlled by Growth hormone released by the anterior pituitary. 2. In adolescence, growth is controlled by the sex hormones.

Answer 14

bone grows or remodels in response to forces or demands placed on it.

Answer 15

Growth in length occurs at the epiphyseal plate

Answer 16

Growth in width/thickness. Osteoblasts beneath periosteum secrete bone matrix on the the external bone surface as osteoclasts on the endosteal surface of the diaphysis remove bone.

Answer 17

i. Non-displaced vs displaced ii. Incomplete vs complete. iii. Linear vs transverse. iv. Open (compound) vs simple (closed).

Answer 18

When a fracture is displaced, the ends of the bone have come out of alignment. In such cases, the broken bone needs to be set back into alignment so it will heal properly

Answer 19

A complete fracture breaks the bone into separate pieces.

Answer 20

Transverse fractures occur when your bone is broken perpendicular to its length.

Answer 21

Skin above the bone is broken/bone has come out/is visible.

Answer 22

1. reduction-Closed reduction is a procedure to set (reduce) a broken bone without cutting the skin open. The broken bone is put back in place, which allows it to grow back together in better alignment. 2. During an open reduction, orthopedic surgeons reposition the pieces of your fractured bone surgically so that your bones are back in their proper alignment.

Answer 23

i. 1. Hematoma forms ii. 2. Fibrocartilaginous callus forms iii. 3. Bony callus forms iv. 4. Bone remodeling occurs

Chapter 6 Study Guide answers Flashcards

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