Chapter 6 Winds

Question 1

Cardial direction

Answer 1

N,S,W,E

Question 2

Qudrateral direction

Answer 2

Ne,sw, and etc

Question 3

What is wind speed in

Answer 3

Kts , knots

Question 4

What is speed records in

Answer 4

In a table of 5 like 3 to 7 is 5 knots

Question 5

Cross wind

Answer 5

Wind 90° to the runway

Question 6

Where is wind speed records

Answer 6

10m above ground

Question 7

What is used to record winds

Answer 7

Anemometer and wind vane

Question 8

For landing and t/o how is the wind records
And above ground how is it

Answer 8

2 mins and avg of 10 mins

Question 9

Gust

Answer 9

When there is a rapid increase in wind speed which lasts for seconds

Question 11

Lull

Answer 11

When there is a rapid decreases in wind speed which lasts for seconds

Question 12

Squall

Answer 12

Increase in wind speed by 16 to 22 kts for mins

Question 13

Gale

Answer 13

Increase in winds speed by 34 kts for mins
Happens in depression and cyclone

Question 14

Backing and veering in N.H

Answer 14

Anti clockwise and clockwise

Question 15

Ballots law

Answer 15

In N.H the observer gets wind from the back then he has low px on his left and high px on his right

Question 16

Wind is classified by 3 forces

Answer 16

Corillois force
Gradient force
CENTRIPETAL force

Question 17

Corillois force and also called

Answer 17

Its is the force due to earths rotation
Geostropic force

Question 18

Formula for corollois force

Answer 18

2 omega p Vsin

Question 19

Corollois force is max and min at

Answer 19

Poles, equator

Question 20

Winds moves in which direction because of corollois force

Answer 20

Right in N.H and left in S.H

Question 21

What is the direction of the corollois force in terms of wind

Answer 21

It is perpendicular to wind direction

Question 22

Pressure gradient force

Answer 22

Also known as isobaric force
Wind will move from high to low

Question 23

Centripetal force

Answer 23

when the wind rotates around the cyclone or a depression they do not obey the corillois force and they rotate

Question 24

GEOSTROPHIC wind

Answer 24

Its is the balance between corollois force and px gradient force
The wind moves parallel with the isobar
So closer the isobars stronger the wind
It is good to calculate wind speed at mid latitude

Question 25

Limitation of the geostropic winds

Answer 25

Local winds and gust,squall, and sea breeze doesn't apply for this rule

Question 26

CYCLOSTROPIC WINDS

Answer 26

It is the balance Between Px gradient force and centripetal force Only happen in low px Not balanced by corollois force Cuz of low pressure wind tend to blow across isobars

Question 27

Gradient winds

Answer 27

It is the balance of all the forces

Question 28

What is the gradient winds parts into

Answer 28

Super GEOSTROPHIC and sub GEOSTROPHIC

Question 29

What is the difference between super geo and sub

Answer 29

super has high support of corollois force and sub has low support of corollois force

Question 30

INERTIAL WINDS

Answer 30

Its is the balance between corollois and centripetal Anticyclone in both the hemisphere

Question 31

Cross isobaric

Answer 31

In the frictional layer the wind slows down and the corollois force is reduced and it can't balance the px gradient force so winds moves to low and this flow is called croos isobaric

Question 32

Wind is deflected in water and land What is the speed for each

Answer 32

15° and ⅔ speed for water 30° and ⅓ to ½ for land

Question 33

Diurual variation of surface wind on daytime and night

Answer 33

Day time ~ due to thermal ~ the upper layer ~ stronger winds~above frictional layer ~ when descent to lower level it is strong gusty and backs During Night time ~ Thermal reduced so weak and backs

Question 34

Wind shear

Answer 34

variations in the wind direction &speed causing turbulence in A/c There are two horizontal and vertical ‌horizontal is with distance and vertical is with height

Question 35

Causes of wind shear

Answer 35

Gust front,micro bursts , topography page 55

Question 36

Effect of wind shear and wind at which will reverse the effect

Answer 36

If the WS reduced the head wind then IAS will decrease and A/c will lose height Descent - IAS will increase and A/c will rise height Climb - IAS will decrease and A/c will lose height Tail wind will reverse

Question 37

Anabatic winds

Answer 37

During day Air in contact with warm surface and causes it to rise HAS UPDRAFT

Question 39

What are the valley winds

Answer 39

Anabatic and katabatic winds

Question 41

Katabatic winds

Answer 41

Happens in night Air contact with the cold surface causes it to sink HAS DOWNDRAFT

Question 42

Fohn wind

Answer 42

Dry winds after anabatic and katabatic

Question 43

Land breeze

Answer 43

happens during night time ‌land to sea ‌during night time the sea is warmer than the land which leads to rise of air, the air is replaced by the wind from land .

Question 44

Sea breeze

Answer 44

happens in day time ‌sea to land ‌during day time the land is warmer than the sea which leads to rise of air , the air replaced by the wind from sea ‌ will form weaker clouds

Question 45

Thermal winds

Answer 45

it is a vectoral addition that is is add or subtracted with lower level geostropic wind to get upper level geostropic winds ‌if both winds & thermal are in the same direction,it will add to wind strength,if not it will subtract the wind strength ‌upper wind direction equal to thermal wind direction

Question 46

Trade winds

Answer 46

They are on 10 to 30 lat In N.H it blows nE and S.H it blow SE

Question 47

By westly winds the northly winds and sotherly

Answer 47

Backs and veers

Question 48

Doldrums

Answer 48

Calm wind near equator were trade winds converge