Chapter 7

Question 1

Most drug entities are known by several names or designations

Answer 1

The drug’s chemical name
generic (official name),
and trade (brand name assigned by the manufacturer, protected by copyright right)

Question 2

Five basic sources of drugs

Answer 2

-plants
-animals (including humans)
-Minerals or mineral products
-Synthetic chemicals
-Bio- or genetically engineered drugs

Question 3

Digitalis

Answer 3

Example of plant based drug; from the foxglove plant

Question 4

Table Salt, Iron, Potassium, Silver, and Gold

Answer 4

Examples of Mineral source; from earth and soil

Question 5

Pancreatin, Pepsin, Thyroid hormone, Insulin

Answer 5

Example from animal fluids, glands and enzymes.

Question 6

Meperidine, Sulfonamides, oral contraceptives

Answer 6

Examples of Synthetically made drugs from artificial substances

Question 7

Newer forms of Insulin

Answer 7

Examples of genetic engineered drugs

Question 8

Dosage forms of drugs

Answer 8

Classified according to their physical state and chemical composition

Includes: gases, solids, and semisolids
(Some can change from one state to another - melting, vaporization)

Question 9

Solid drugs (tablets)

Answer 9

Tablet may be chewable, sublingual, enteric-coated, or buffered.

Question 10

Solid Drugs (Plasters)

Answer 10

Compositions of liquid and powder that harden when it dries.

Question 11

Solid Drugs (Capsules)

Answer 11

Contained in an external shell (gelatin)
Usually used when medications have an unpleasant odor or taste.

Question 12

Solid Drugs (Sustained- Release {SR} or time released capsules)

Answer 12

Released over a period of time

Question 13

Solid drugs (caplets)

Answer 13

Shaped like capsules but consists of tablets that are film coated to make swallowing easier

Question 14

Solid Drugs (Gelcaps)

Answer 14

Oil-based medication enclosed in soft gelatin capsules

Question 15

Solid drugs (powders)

Answer 15

Drugs dried and ground into fine particles

Question 16

Solid drugs (Granules)

Answer 16

Small particles encased in a gelatin capsule

Question 17

Solid Drugs (Troches/lozenges)

Answer 17

Flattened disks containing medicine intended for localized mouth or throat application

Question 18

Semisolid Drugs (Suppositories)

Answer 18

Bullet-shaped dosage forms inserted into the rectum, vagina, and urethra

Question 19

Semisolid Drugs (ointment)

Answer 19

Greasy medication for external application; rubbed into the skin

Question 20

Semisolid Drugs (Cream)

Answer 20

Non Greasy preparations with a water base, applied to the skin or administered via an applicator (intravaginal creams)

Question 21

Semisolid Drugs (Gel)

Answer 21

Jellylike substance for topical application

Question 22

Semisolid Drugs (Lotions)

Answer 22

Applied to the skin

Question 23

Semisolid Drugs (Paste)

Answer 23

Topical with a fatty base ingredient

Question 24

Semisolid Drugs (Patches)

Answer 24

Method of delivery for some semisolid dosages forms inserted into

Question 25

Liquid Drugs (Syrups)

Answer 25

Consists of a high concentration of sugar in water, which may or may not have medicinal substances added to

Question 26

Liquid Drugs (Solutions)

Answer 26

Drugs dissolved in a solvent (normal saline)

Question 27

Liquid Drugs (Spirits)

Answer 27

Alcohol-containing liquids used as solvents; also called essences

Question 28

Liquid Drugs (Elixirs)

Answer 28

Consist of water, alcohol, and sugar

Question 29

Liquid Drugs (Tinctures)

Answer 29

Concentrated solutions of a drug removed from plant sources

Question 30

Liquid Drugs (Liniments)

Answer 30

Mixtures of drugs with oil, soap, water, or alcohol

Question 31

Liquid Drugs (Mixtures and Suspensions)

Answer 31

Agents mixed with liquid but not dissolved; must be shaken before use

Question 32

Liquid Drugs (Aromatic Waters)

Answer 32

Mixtures of distilled water with an aromatic violative oil

Question 33

Liquid Drugs (Emulsions)

Answer 33

Preparations of two agents that are not ordinarily mixed, such as oil inside water; most cream and lotions are emulsions

Question 34

Gaseous Drugs

Answer 34

Include anesthetic gases and compressed gases

Question 35

Determination Factors of Drug Administration

Answer 35

-action of medication -physical and emotional state of the patient -characteristics of the drug

Question 36

Other factors of Drug Administration

Answer 36

-Age of patient -Disease and condition of patient -Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs

Question 37

Oral Route

Answer 37

-the safest and most convenient route -Presence or absence of food in the stomach affects the absorption rate -oral drugs are usually not used when the patient is nauseated or vomiting