Chapter 7

Question 0

2. Who invented the first microscope?

Answer 0

Zacharias and Hans janssen

Question 1

1. What is the difference between a compound and simple lens microscope?

Answer 1

Compound microscopes have multiple lenses and were invented before the simple microscope which has one lense and can magnify more and was invented after the compound microscope

Question 2

3. Who discovered and named the cell after observing cork?

Answer 2

Robert hook

Question 3

4. Who observed the first living cell?

Answer 3

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 4

5. Distinguish (pros and cons) between a compound light and electron microscope.

Answer 4

Compound-pros-cheap, portable, lightweight, can view living things
Cons-less magnification, 2-d images, needs light
Electron-pros-doesn’t need light, greater magnification, 3-d images
Cons-can’t view living things, large, expensive, needs a vacuum

Question 5

6. What is the difference between a transmission and scanning electron microscope?

Answer 5

TEM-only 2-D, can view makeup of cell, thin slice

SEM- 3-D, only surface, needs to be conductive

Question 6

7. What did Schleiden conclude?

Answer 6

Plants are made of cells

Question 7

8. What did Schwann conclude?

Answer 7

Animals are made of cells

Question 8

9. What did Virchow conclude?

Answer 8

Cells reproduce

Question 9

10. What are the 3 things stated in the Cell Theory?

Answer 9

• all living things are made up of cells
• cells are the basic units of structure/function in living things
• new cells are made from existing cells

Question 10

11. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?

Answer 10

P-do not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles, simple cell
E-contain nucleus, more complex, contain membrane bound organelles

Question 11

12. What do all cells have in common?

Answer 11

They both have a cell membrane and contain dna

Question 12

13. What are the functions of the cell membrane?

Answer 12

Acts as a gatekeeper

Protects and supports

Question 13

14. Explain why the phospholipids are arranged as a bilayer.

Answer 13

Because the heads are hydrologic and the tails are hydrophobic and when exposed to water they form a bilayer to protect themselves

Question 14

15. Describe the Fluid Mosaic Model.

Answer 14

Found by sj singer he thought the membrane moved

Question 15

16. How do fatty acids effect the flexibility of the cell membrane?

Answer 15

They keep the membrane less viscous so that it is flexible

Question 16

17. What is the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Answer 16

Prevents the packing of fatty acid tails so that the membrane remains flexible

Question 17

18. What is the role of carbohydrates in the cell membrane?

Answer 17

They play a key role in cell recognition by acting as a name tag

Question 18

19. What is the difference between integral and peripheral proteins?

Answer 18

P- loosely bound to cell surface-cell surface identity marker
I- penetrate lipid bilayer;usually across whole membrane AKA transmembrane proteins

Question 19

20. What is another name for integral protein?

Answer 19

Transmembrane proteins

Question 20

21. What is the function of peripheral proteins in the cell membrane?

Answer 20

To act as a surface identity marker

Question 21

22. What is the function of integral proteins in the cell membrane? (there are 6)

Answer 21

H

Question 22

23. How do proteins stay anchored in the cell membrane?

Answer 22

Hydrophobic amino acids hold them in place

Question 23

24. What is diffusion?

Answer 23

the intermingling of substances by the natural movement of their particles

Question 24

25. List 2 examples of passive transport.

Answer 24

Diffusion of oxygen into the cell | Diffusion of carbon dioxide out of the cell

Question 25

26. What materials do cells want to get into the cell?

Answer 25

Food, carbohydrates, sugars, proteins, lipids, salt, oxygen, and water

Question 26

27. What materials do cells want to get out of the cell?

Answer 26

Ammonia, salt, carbon dioxide, water, and products

Question 27

28. What molecules can pass directly through the cell membrane and why?

Answer 27

Fats and other lipids

Question 28

29. How do polar molecules, ions and large molecules get in and out of the cell?

Answer 28

The membrane becomes semi-permeable with protein channels which allow specific materials across the membrane

Question 29

30. What does semi-permeable mean?

Answer 29

(of a material or membrane) allowing certain substances to pass through it but not others, especially allowing the passage of a solvent but not of certain solutes.

Question 30

31. What is osmosis?

Answer 30

Diffusion of water from high to low concentration

Question 31

32. Compare hypertonic, hypotonic, and Isotonicsolutions and explain what happens to a cell in each of them.

Answer 31

Hyper-More solute less water-cell gets smaller Hypo-more water less solute- cell lyces (explodes) Iso-solutions have the same concentration-cell stays the same

Question 32

33. What is a aquaporin?

Answer 32

Proteins that allow water to pass into and out of the cell

Question 33

34. How is active transport different than passive transport?

Answer 33

Active transport requires energy, low concentration to high concentration

Question 34

35. How is active transport similar to facilitated diffusion? How is it different?

Answer 34

Both serve to transport molecules across cell membranes and both make use of proteins embedded in cell membrane in order to move these molecules. Active needs ATP gas ciliates does not

Question 35

36. Distinguish between Endocytosis and Exocytosis?

Answer 35

Endo-brings large proteins out | Exo-gets rid of waste

Question 36

Know how to label a microscope

Answer 36

K?

Question 37

Know how to name a lipid

Answer 37

Packet