Chapter 7 Life Span Development

Question 1

Humans develop throughout their _______.

Answer 1

lives

EMTs must be aware of the physical changes a person undergoes at various stages of life.

Question 2

Neonates are defined as individuals from _______ to 1 month.

Answer 2

birth

Infants are defined as ages 1 month to 1 year.

Question 3

A neonate usually weighs _______ at birth.

Answer 3

6 to 8 lb (3 to 3.5 kg)

The head accounts for 25% of its body weight.

Question 4

Infants grow at a rate of about _______ per day after week 2.

Answer 4

30 g

They double their weight by 4 to 6 months and triple it by the end of the first year.

Question 5

At birth, the neonate makes the transition from _______ to independent circulation.

Answer 5

fetal

This is a critical change in the cardiovascular system.

Question 6

Infants younger than 6 months are particularly prone to _______.

Answer 6

nasal congestion

Infants have proportionately larger tongues and shorter, narrower airways.

Question 7

The _______ reflex occurs when a neonate is startled.

Answer 7

Moro

It involves opening arms wide and grabbing at things.

Question 8

A depressed fontanelle may indicate _______.

Answer 8

dehydration

A bulging fontanelle is often a sign of increased intracranial pressure.

Question 9

By 2 months of age, infants can _______ objects with their eyes.

Answer 9

track

They also begin to recognize familiar faces.

Question 10

The psychosocial challenge for toddlers is often referred to as _______ versus shame and doubt.

Answer 10

autonomy

This challenge is significant during ages 1 to 3 years.

Question 11

Children learn to recognize _______ differences by observing role models.

Answer 11

gender

This learning occurs during the toddler and preschool years.

Question 12

From ages 6 to 12 years, a school-age child grows approximately _______ each year.

Answer 12

4 lb (2 kg) and 2.5 inches (6 cm)

Permanent teeth also come in during this period.

Question 13

Preconventional reasoning involves children acting to avoid _______.

Answer 13

punishment

This is one of the types of reasoning learned by school-age children.

Question 14

In adolescents, vital signs begin to level off within _______ ranges.

Answer 14

adult

Pulse rate is 60 to 100 beats/min, respiratory rate is 12 to 20 breaths/min.

Question 15

Adolescents experience a growth spurt typically lasting _______ years.

Answer 15

2 to 3

Girls generally finish by 16 years, boys by 18 years.

Question 16

Antisocial behavior and peer pressure tend to peak at ages _______ to _______.

Answer 16

14 to 16

This can include smoking, illicit drug use, and unprotected sex.

Question 17

Early adults range in age from _______ to 40 years.

Answer 17

19

This period is characterized by stability despite stress and change.

Question 18

Middle adults are defined as ages _______ to 60 years.

Answer 18

41

They may face issues like vision and hearing loss.

Question 19

The vital signs of middle adults remain _______.

Answer 19

the same

However, they may become vulnerable to various health issues.

Question 20

Older adults are defined as those ages _______ and older.

Answer 20

61

Life expectancy is approximately 78 years.

Question 21

Cardiac function declines with age largely due to _______.

Answer 21

atherosclerosis

This affects the cardiovascular system significantly.

Question 22

Hearing loss is _______ times more common than vision loss in older adults.

Answer 22

four

Loss of high-frequency hearing or deafness is common.

Question 23

Until about _______ years before death, most people retain high brain function.

Answer 23

5

This can vary based on individual health and circumstances.