1
Q
Group Differences
A
- Controversial topic in intelligence testing
- Differences of age, gender, SES, etc.
2
Q
3 Perspectives to Diffuse Controversy
A
- Overlap in distributions
- Group difference itself doesn’t reveal the cause of differences (they are correlational)
- Differences may change with time
3
Q
Group Differences in Gender
A
- Minimal differences in total scores on tests of general intelligence
- Greater variability in males (more at the highest and lowest distribution of IQ)
4
Q
Group Differences in Age
A
- Steep increase in birth to 12 years
- Maximum at 16 to 25 years
- Levels off at 25 to 60 years
- Gf and Gc say components of intelligence change independently over the lifespan
5
Q
Flynn Effect
A
- Population shifts over time
- IQ rising 3 points per decade
6
Q
Group Differences in SES
A
- SES correlates about 0.3 with intelligence
- Average differences between 5 SES groups are about 5 to 10 IQ points
7
Q
3 Reasons for Group Differences
A
- Confound of test questions
- Limited normative sample
- Sociopolitical factors such as opportunity
8
Q
Heredity and Environment Misconceptions
A
- Heredity traits are present at birth
- Question is no longer heredity and environment (it is both)
9
Q
Gene
A
Unit of hereditary transmission
10
Q
Chromosomes
A
- Genes are arranged on these
- Strands of DNA that spiral around each other
- Located in the nucleus
11
Q
Behavior Genetics
A
Examines the genetic and environmental bases of differences among individuals on psychological traits
12
Q
Relatedness
A
The probability of sharing a gene with others
13
Q
heritability Index
A
- Quantifies the extent to which variations in a trait across persons can be accounted for by genetic variation
- Index of 0 = no heritability
- Index of 1 = completely heritable
14
Q
Heritability of Intelligence
A
- Estimated to be 0.6
- Increases with age
- Know very little about mechanisms with genes of the environment influence intelligence
Testing and Measurement
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