chapter 7 the skeleton

Question 1

the skull, vertebrae, sternum and ribs make up what division of the skeletal system

Answer 1

axial skeleton

Question 2

the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the limbs make up what division of the skeletal system

Answer 2

appendicular skeleton

Question 3

the brain case

Answer 3

cranium

Question 4

what suture separates the frontal from the parietal bones

Answer 4

coronal suture

Question 5

what suture separates the two parietal bones

Answer 5

the sagittal suture

Question 6

what suture separates the parietal from the temporal bones

Answer 6

the squamosal suture

Question 7

what suture separates the parietals from the occipital

Answer 7

the lambdoidal suture

Question 8

what suture runs down the middle of the frontal bone

Answer 8

metopic suture

Question 9

the bones that form the roof of the skull

Answer 9

parietal

Question 10

the bones that form the sides of the skull

Answer 10

temporal

Question 11

the bone that forms the forehead

Answer 11

frontal

Question 12

the bone that forms the back of the skull

Answer 12

occipital

Question 13

the bat-shaped bone that forms most of the floor of the cranium, keystone bone of cranium

Answer 13

spennoid

Question 14

the cranial bone that forms the roof of the nose

Answer 14

ethmoid

Question 15

the three prominent levels of depressions within the cranium, house the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes of the brain

Answer 15

anterior fossa, middle fossa, posterior fossa

Question 16

the upper portion of the cranium or cranial vault

Answer 16

calvaria

Question 17

the eye sockets

Answer 17

orbits

Question 18

air filled cavities within the skull bones

Answer 18

sinuses

Question 19

Name 3 functions of the paranasal sinuses.

Answer 19

lighten skull
make mucus
resonate sound

Question 20

Name 3 functions of the mucus in the paranasal sinuses.

Answer 20

warm
moisten
filter air

Question 21

a hole in a bone that serves as the passageway for blood vessels and nerves

Answer 21

foramen (foramina)

Question 22

a shallow depression in a bone

Answer 22

fossa

Question 23

what is the general purpose of bone projections?

Answer 23

connections for tendons and ligaments

Question 24

bones that form the bridge of the nose

Answer 24

nasal

Question 25

cheekbones

Answer 25

zygomatic

Question 26

upper jaw

Answer 26

maxillae

Question 27

lower jaw

Answer 27

mandible

Question 28

shell-shaped bones inside the nose

Answer 28

nasal conchae

Question 29

bones in the medial orbit

Answer 29

lacrimal

Question 30

bone that forms the base of the nose

Answer 30

vomer

Question 31

bones that form the posterior portion of the hard palate

Answer 31

palatine

Question 32

the three ear bones

Answer 32

1. hammer - malleus 2. anvil - incus 3. stirrup - stapes

Question 33

What is the smallest bone in the body?

Answer 33

stapes

Question 34

the bone that doesn't articulate with any other bones but instead serves as attachment for the tongue

Answer 34

hyoid

Question 35

the site of the pituitary gland

Answer 35

sella turcica

Question 36

the holes for the olfactory nerves

Answer 36

olfactory foramina

Question 37

the site of the olfactory foramina

Answer 37

cribiform plate

Question 38

the ridge in the center of the cribiform plate for the meninges to attach

Answer 38

crista gali

Question 39

irregular shaped bones within the sutures

Answer 39

sutural (Wormian) bones

Question 40

the part of the ethmoid bone that forms the bony part of the nasal septum

Answer 40

perpendicular plate

Question 41

What 4 skull bones contain sinuses?

Answer 41

frontal, maxillae, ethmoid, sphenoid

Question 42

How many vertebrae do humans have? How many are in each region?

Answer 42

24 total - 7 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar

Question 43

What separates the individual vertebrae?

Answer 43

intervertebral discs

Question 44

What holds bone to bone?

Answer 44

ligaments

Question 45

What holds muscle to bone?

Answer 45

tendons

Question 46

the tail bone

Answer 46

coccyx

Question 47

the posterior part of the pelvis

Answer 47

sacrum

Question 48

Name the 4 vertebral curves, and describe the curve direction.

Answer 48

cervical - anterior curvature thoracic - posterior curvature lumbar - anterior curvature sacral - posterior curvature

Question 49

Which 2 curves are called primary curves?

Answer 49

thoracic and lumbar

Question 50

Which 2 curves are called secondary curves?

Answer 50

cervical and lumbar

Question 51

What is the purpose of secondary curves?

Answer 51

support weight of body cervical - head lumbar - body

Question 52

an abnormal lateral curvature

Answer 52

scoliosis

Question 53

an exaggerated lumbar curvature (swaback)

Answer 53

lordosis

Question 54

an exaggerated thoracic curviture (hunchback)

Answer 54

kyphosis

Question 55

the inner part of an intervertebral disc

Answer 55

nucleus pulposis

Question 56

the outer part of an intervertebral disc

Answer 56

annulus fibrosis

Question 57

a bulging intervertebral disc

Answer 57

herniated disc (prolapsed)

Question 58

the weight bearing part of the vertebra

Answer 58

body (centrum)

Question 59

the hole in the vertebra through which the spinal cord travels

Answer 59

vertebral foramen

Question 60

the bony part of the vertebra that encircles the spinal cord

Answer 60

vertebral arch

Question 61

the two parts of the vertebral arch

Answer 61

pedicles and laminae

Question 62

the holes between the vertebrae where spinal verves leave the spinal cord

Answer 62

intervertebral foramina

Question 63

Name 5 unique features of cervical vertebrae.

Answer 63

1. small 2. oval bodies 3. triangular vertebral foramina 4. bifid spinous process 5. transverse foramen

Question 64

the specific name for C1 - what makes it unique?

Answer 64

atlas - no body

Question 65

the specific name for C2 - what makes it unique

Answer 65

axis - dens or odontoid process

Question 66

the specific name for C7 - what makes it unique

Answer 66

vertebral prominens - longest, non-bifid spinous process

Question 67

What does the joint between the atlas and the occipital bone allow?

Answer 67

nodding yes

Question 68

What does the joint between the atlas and the axis allow?

Answer 68

shaking head no

Question 69

What connects the vertebral prominens to the occipital protuberance? What damages this connection?

Answer 69

ligamentum nuchae - whiplash

Question 70

What 5 things make thoracic vertebrae unique?

Answer 70

1. heart-shaped body 2. circular vertebral foramen 3. transverse processes point posteriorly 4. extra facets for ribs 5. long spinous processes

Question 71

What 3 things make lumbar vertebrae unique?

Answer 71

1. largest body 2. short, thick processes 3. large, hatchet-shaped spinous processes

Question 72

the tailbone

Answer 72

coccyx

Question 73

How many fused vertebrae make up the sacrum?

Answer 73

5

Question 74

How many fused vertebrae make up the coccyx?

Answer 74

3-5

Question 75

What makes up the thoracic cage?

Answer 75

thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ribs and costal cartilage

Question 76

the spaces between the ribs

Answer 76

intercostal space

Question 77

the cartilage that holds the ribs to the sternum

Answer 77

costal cartilage

Question 78

the three parts of the sternum

Answer 78

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 79

When does the xiphoid process ossify?

Answer 79

by age 40

Question 80

the first 7 pairs of ribs (2 names)

Answer 80

true ribs or vertebrosternal

Question 81

rib pairs 8-12

Answer 81

flase ribs

Question 82

ribs 8-10

Answer 82

vertebrochondral ribs

Question 83

ribs 11-12 (2 names)

Answer 83

vertebral ribs or floating ribs

Question 84

the shoulders

Answer 84

pectoral girdle

Question 85

the hips

Answer 85

pelvic girdle

Question 86

the overuse and inflammation of the wrist tendons that then compresses the median nerve causing a tingling and numbness of the thumb, index, and middle finger

Answer 86

carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 87

Most of the differences between the male and female pelvis have to do with what?

Answer 87

childbearing

Question 88

the portion of the pelvis above the pelvic brim

Answer 88

false pelvis

Question 89

the portion of the pelvis below the pelvic brim

Answer 89

true pelvis