Chapter 7.1

Question 1

Compound Microscope

Answer 1

• Invented by Zacharias Janssen in the late 1500s

- Magnify 3x to 9x on a object

Question 2

Robert Hooke (1665)

Answer 2

• Named ‘row of empty boxes’ cells

Question 2

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (Mid 1600s)

Answer 2

• Use single lens microscope to observe organism found in the human mouth, now called bacteria.

Question 3

Principles of Cell Theory

Answer 3

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
2. Cell are the basic and smallest living unit of structure and function of all organism.
3. All cells arise from preexisting cells through cell division.

Question 3

Cell Theory

Answer 3

1. Matthias Schleiden (1838): All plants are made up of cell.
2. Theodore Schwann (1839): All animals are made up of cell.
3. Rudolf Virchow (1855): All cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 4

Light Microscope and Cell Stains

Answer 4

• Use to lenses to from an image, uses objective and ocular lens.
• Objective lens: Located above the specimen, used to enlarge the image.
• Ocular lens: Located close to the eyes of the observer, magnifies the image further.
• Max magnification: 1000x
• Cell stains are used to see the cell which are all nearly transparent.
• Cell stains: contain fluorescence, make cell look clearer.

Question 5

Electron Microscope

Answer 5

• Only used to visualize non-living, preserved cells, and tissues
• Used to study cell structures and large protein molecule
• Must be cut in ultra-thin slices
• Max magnification: 100,000x

Question 6

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEMs)

Answer 6

• Used to study cell structures and large protein molecule

- Must be cut in ultra-thin slices

Question 7

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEMs)

Answer 7

• Produce 3D images of cell

- Specimen no need to be cut in ULTRA-thin slices.

Question 8

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (differences)

Answer 8

Prokaryotes: do not contain nuclei
Eukaryotes: contain nuclei

Question 8

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (similarity)

Answer 8

• Both are surround by a barrier called Cell Membrane

- Both have DNA

Question 8

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (similarity)

Answer 8

• Both are surround by a barrier called Cell Membrane

- Both have DNA

Question 9

Nuclei and Nucleus

Answer 9

Nucleus:

1. controls the cell’s activities
2. contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA)

Question 10

Unicellular

Answer 10

1. Organism that has only one cell

2. Example: Amoeba, Euglena, Bacteria, and Paramecium.

Question 11

Multicellular

Answer 11

1. Organism that consist of either many cells or different type of cells
2. Example: Plants, Animal, and Moss

Question 12

Characteristic of Cells

Answer 12

1. Contain Cytoplasm
2. Contain DNA
3. Contain Ribosome

Question 13

Cell Shape

Answer 13

• The shape reflects on it function.