Chapter 7.1

Question 1

Backcountry

Answer 1

in lack of area settled by europeans

Question 2

George Clavert

Answer 2

member of virginia company and first lord baltimore; received original charter for maryland

Question 3

Cecilius Calvert

Answer 3

son of George Clavert; established the Maryland colony

Question 4

James Oglethorpe

Answer 4

english leader who founded Georgia colony

Question 5

What were the reasons for the founding of the Maryland Colony?

Answer 5

• build a colony provide a refuge

- make money

Question 6

How did the Clavert brothers use the experiences of the Jamestown Colony t plant he Maryland Colony?

Answer 6

• there would be no starving time planned so people would have houses and food

Question 7

How were the Maryland and Virginia Colonies similar?

Answer 7

• relative location
• grew tobacco
• same climate and physical geography
• both elected governors
• end political representatives

Question 8

What types of farms did colonists have in Maryland?

Answer 8

• tobacco (some) and corn (more farmers)

- small farms

Question 9

How were the governments of Virginia and Maryland similar?

Answer 9

• both had governors elected representatives

Question 10

How were they different?

Answer 10

King controlled royal colony of Virginia

Question 11

Which colony passed the Toleration Act, which allowed religious freedom to all Christian?

Answer 11

Maryland

Question 12

Why was the Carolina Colony hard to govern?

Answer 12

• Covered a huge area

- colonists ignored laws they disliked

Question 13

What happened to the Carolina Colony in order to make it easier to govern?

Answer 13

• divided into two new colonies: North and South Carolina

Question 14

Why were settlers needed for the area south of South Carolina?

Answer 14

• King George II might lose control of area

Question 15

Explain what type of people settled this area.

Answer 15

English imprisoned debters

Question 16

How did James Oglethorpe try to avoid conflicts?

Answer 16

• limited size of farms
• no slavery
• no trading with Native Americans

Question 17

How did Georgia’s economy ultimately become successful?

Answer 17

Plantations and labor of slaves

Question 18

Why was it difficult to reach the backcountry?

Answer 18

thick forests, hills, and lack of roads

Question 19

What effect did settlers have on American Indians in the Southern Colonies?

Answer 19

• Native Americans were killed sick from European diseases and forced into slavery
• forced off their land; villages were destroyed

Question 20

Institutionalize

Answer 20

• a part of life/laws restricted people’s freedom

Question 21

Overseer

Answer 21

To watch field slaves as they work

Question 22

How did laws help institutionalize slavery?

Answer 22

Assemblies began to pass laws making slavery legal

- made children of slaves slaves

Question 23

How did owners treat their slaves?

Answer 23

Whipped, beat, and insulted

Question 24

How did some slaves show resistance to the system?

Answer 24

Broke tools and pretended to be sick and worked slowly

Question 25

In what ways did enslaved Africans try to preserve their culture?

Answer 25

- sang African songs | - told stories of Africa

Question 26

What are two things that made planters very rich?

Answer 26

They grew tobacco and rice

Question 27

Describe how plantation owners were different.

Answer 27

Few started as poor servants, others started as wealthy English leaders

Question 28

How were plantations like small villages?

Answer 28

Main building was 2 or 3 stories high

Question 29

What were the two kinds of slaves and what did they do?

Answer 29

- Field slaves worked in fields raising crops | - House slaves worked in planters home

Question 30

Describe the many responsibilities of planters:

Answer 30

- provide food - provide houses - public service - serve as judges

Question 31

Why do you think slave owners wanted to keep slaves from learning to read?

Answer 31

They wanted to maintain their power

Question 32

Who owned small farms and did they become wealthy?

Answer 32

- former indentured servants/ slaves | - few became wealthy

Question 33

Why and how were church services considered a social event for people on small farms?

Answer 33

- They lived far from each other | - Church was a social event / lots of people in attendance

Question 34

How did most Southern colonists make their living?

Answer 34

- Worked on small farms | - planted and harvested their own crops

Question 35

What were some Africans able to do after they became free?

Answer 35

- buy land - start their own farms - buy slaves

Question 36

How did the Seminole Indians help the runaway slaves? What did they do in return?

Answer 36

- Provided food and shelter | - give 1/3 of crops to indians

Question 37

How were some Africans in the Southern Colonies able to become free?

Answer 37

Found ways to escape or buy freedom

Question 38

Why is tobacco not grown as a cash crop in the farther south?

Answer 38

Climate was too warm and too wet

Question 39

How did plantations depend on others?

Answer 39

Needed a broker to sell their crops; plantation owners produced the crops but relied on others to sell what they grow

Question 40

What happened as a result of plantations becoming larger and more productive?

Answer 40

Traders and merchants in the southern port towns grew richer from exporting more cash crops

Question 41

How did the relative location of Charles Town affect its growth?

Answer 41

- often located near ports or deep rivers | - location made it easier to ship crops to England (is my city) and other markets

Question 42

What were the other industries of the Southern economy based on?

Answer 42

- regions natural resources | - hunters, trappers, trees (naval stores), trade, brokers, ship building

Question 43

What did settlers in the backcountry do as a living?

Answer 43

- became hunters - trappers - traveled with Native Americans

Question 44

How were the region's forests an important natural resource?

Answer 44

dear, beaver, and other animals lived in the region's forests

Question 45

In what ways were trees useful for colonists?

Answer 45

- making naval stores | - provided tar, turpitine, pich

Question 46

Besides hunting, trapping, and using other region's other natural resources, what was another large industry and why was that important?

Answer 46

Ship building was important because it developed Baltimore dipper (one of the world's fastest sailing ships)

Question 47

Interdependance

Answer 47

depending on others for goods or services