Chapter 7A - Function Group Types

Question 1

Identify the functional group in this hydrocarbon:

Answer 1

Haloalkane
* organic compound that has one or more halogen
* polar molecule (due to presence of halogen)
* dipole-dipole attractions between molecules

Question 2

Identify the functional group in this hydrocarbon:

Answer 2

Primary amine
* contain an amino group NH2
* derived from ammonia
* nitrogen atom is bonded to one carbon atom
* polar molecule with hydrogen bonds

Question 3

Identify the functional group in this hydrocarbon:

Answer 3

Amide
* contains amide functional group CONH
* nitrogen atom is bonded to one carbon atom
* always on terminal carbon
* polar molecule forming multiple hydrogen bonds

Question 4

Identify the functional group in this hydrocarbon:

Answer 4

Alcohol
* contains at least 1 hydroxyl group
* polar molecule with 1 hydrogen bond

Question 5

Primary Alcohol

Answer 5

OH is bonded to a carbon atom which is bonded to 1 carbon atom only (reactive)

Question 6

Secondary Alcohol

Answer 6

OH is bonded to a carbon atom which is bonded to 2 carbon atoms (reactive)

Question 7

Tertiary Alcohol

Answer 7

OH is bonded to a carbon atom which is bonded to 3 carbon atom’s (unreactive)

Question 8

Identify the functional group in this hydrocarbon:

Answer 8

Aldehyde
* contains a carbonyl group
* always on terminal carbon
* polar molecule (C more electronegative than O)
* dipole-dipole bonding

Question 9

Identify the functional group in this hydrocarbon:

Answer 9

Ketone
* contain a carbonyl group
* group attached to non-terminal carbon
* polar molecule with dipole-dipole bonding

Question 10

Identify the functional group in this hydrocarbon:

Answer 10

Carboxylic Acid
* carboxyl group (carbonyl+hydroxyl) always on terminal carbon
* acts as a weak acid by donating H+ from the -COOH
* polar molecule forming two hydrogen bonds

Question 11

Identify the functional group in this hydrocarbon:

Answer 11

Ester
* alcohol + carboxylic acid
* contain -COOC- group
* have a pleasant fruity smell

Question 12

Structural Isomer

Answer 12

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.
- similar chemical properties
- may differ in physical properties

Question 13

Chain isomer

Answer 13

Straight (linear) vs branched chain structure

Question 14

Positional Isomer

Answer 14

Functional groups are in different locations

Question 15

Functional Isomers

Answer 15

Different functional groups

Question 16

Physical Property

Answer 16

Can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter

Question 17

Chemical Property

Answer 17

Characteristic that becomes evident after a chemical change

Question 18

Melting point

Answer 18

Temperature in which a solid turns into liquid

Question 19

Boiling Point

Answer 19

Temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas

Question 20

Viscosity

Answer 20

Resistance to flow as a liquid

Question 21

Solubility

Answer 21

The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent

Question 22

Intramolecular forces

Answer 22

• covalent bonds hold atoms together within molecules
• sharing of valence electrons
• non-metals have high-electronegativity because of core charge

Question 23

Non Polar

Answer 23

• electrons are shared equally
• has no polar covalent bonds
• polar bonds but arranged symmetrically

Question 24

Polar

Answer 24

Electrons are shared unequally
* has one or more polar covalent bonds that are arranged asymmetrically
* result is called a dipole (opposite poles)

Question 25

Dispersion Forces

Answer 25

* weakest form * constant movement of electrons within atoms produce temporary poles (instantaneous) * found in all organic compounds * only force in non-polar molecules

Question 26

Permanent Dipole Dipole Attractions

Answer 26

* molecules are polar and asymmetrical * electrostatic attraction b/w dipoles * strength depends on difference in electronegativity

Question 27

Hydrogen Bonding

Answer 27

* stronger form of dipole-dipole bonds * HFON * attraction occurs b/w H+ and lone pairs of electrons of FON.

Question 28

What influences the strength of intermolecular forces?

Answer 28

1. Size of molecule (increase with increasing size) 2. Shape of molecule (decrease with increasing branching - cannot pack closely) 3. Presence of functional group

Question 29

Melting and Boiling points increase when:

Answer 29

* addition of polar functional groups (stronger intermolecular forces) * size of molecule increases (stronger forces) * no. of branches decrease (allowing molecules to pack closer together)

Question 30

Viscosity increases when

Answer 30

* addition of polar functional groups * size of molecule increases (stronger forces) * no. of branches increases (branches get tangled when flowing)

Question 31

describe the solubility of organic compounds in water

Answer 31

* increases w/ polar functional groups * decreases as chain size increases (non-polar hydrophobic chain increases)

Question 32

Describe the solubility of aldehydes, ketones and esters in water

Answer 32

While dipole-dipole attractions exist between these molecules, they are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water