What is the definition of a ‘bargaining structure’ in labour relations?
It is the number of unions, employers, and establishments involved in contract negotiations.
What is the minimum requirement for parties involved in contract negotiations?
At least one employer and one union representing employees at one location.
Negotiations that cover more than one location, bargaining unit, or employer are known as _____ bargaining.
centralised
What is ‘industry bargaining’?
A centralised bargaining structure where one negotiation covers all employees in an industry.
What term describes negotiations between one employer and one union for a single location?
Decentralised bargaining.
How can labour relations boards in Canada influence bargaining structures towards decentralisation?
By deciding on the appropriateness and certification of specific union bargaining units.
What is ‘whipsawing’ as a negotiation tactic?
It involves establishing an agreement with one party and then using that agreement to pressure others.
What is ‘pattern bargaining’?
It occurs when a union negotiates an agreement with one employer and then attempts to have it copied with other employers.
Which subprocess of negotiation concerns the division of limited resources between parties?
Distributive bargaining.
Which subprocess of negotiation occurs when parties�?? objectives are not in conflict and joint gain is possible?
Integrative bargaining.
The negotiation subprocess that focuses on the parties�?? relationship and what they do to change it is called _____.
attitudinal structuring
What is ‘intra-organizational bargaining’?
The activities within each side (union or management) to build a consensus on negotiation strategy and goals.
Name one of the key external factors that can determine the union-management relationship.
External economic, technological, or legal factors.
Besides external factors, what are three other elements that help determine the union-management relationship?
Personalities of leaders, beliefs and values of leaders, and experience with collective bargaining.
During the negotiation process, what is a ‘statutory freeze’?
A period during which an employer cannot change the terms and conditions of employment.
Name three factors that typically affect the demands a union brings to negotiations.
Grievances, arbitration decisions, input from members, economic forecasts, or other contract settlements.
Name three factors that typically affect the demands an employer brings to negotiations.
Feedback from managers, strategic business plans, economic forecasts, or other contract settlements.
What is a ‘caucus’ in the context of bargaining meetings?
A separate meeting of members of either the union or management team to discuss strategy or decisions.
What is the primary goal of Stage 1 of bargaining team meetings?
Establishing the negotiation range.
What are the two types of issues typically addressed during the ‘search phase’ (Stage 2) of negotiations?
Non-monetary issues and monetary issues.
What is the legal ‘duty to bargain in good faith’?
The requirement that both the union and employer must make reasonable efforts to reach an agreement.
Distinguish between ‘hard bargaining’ and ‘surface bargaining’.
Hard bargaining is a legitimate attempt to obtain a favourable agreement, while surface bargaining is an illegitimate attempt to avoid reaching an agreement at all.
Concealing important information or engaging in deception during negotiations are examples of what?
Actions deemed to be bargaining in bad faith.
Refusing to justify a bargaining position is considered an action of ____ ____.
bad faith
