Chapter 8

Question 1

1. A key characteristic of the age transition is that it represents a
   a shift from a very young population to an older population.
   b. a demographic dividend.
   c. the end stage of the overall demographic transition.
   d. a shift from a female majority to a male majority

Answer 1

a shift from a very young population to an older population.

Question 2

2. The idea that different behavior is expected of people according to their age is an example of
3. age discrimination.
4. cohort influences on the age structure.
5. Marxian thought.
6. age stratification.

Answer 2

4. age stratification.

Question 3

3. Cohort flow captures the idea that
4. historical events similarly affect people of the same age.
5. people born at the same time tend to die at the same time.
6. cohort effects are more important than either period or age effects.
7. the composition of a population is determined by its pattern of birth cohorts.

Answer 3

1. historical events similarly affect people of the same age.

Question 4

4. If we are comparing the rate of pregnancy-related deaths among young adult women now with rates from 50 years ago, we are most likely trying to understand the
5. age effect.
6. period effect.
7. cohort effect.
8. combined APC effect.

Answer 4

Period effect

Question 5

5. A young age structure tends to have ____; whereas an older age structure tends to have ______.
6. more females than males; more males than females
7. more males than females; more females than males

Answer 5

2. more males than females; more females than males

Question 6

following countries, ______ has the youngest age structure.

a. Italy
b. Mexico
c. Nigeria
d. the United States

Answer 6

Nigeria

Question 7

7. The early impact of mortality decline on the age structure is to
8. make it younger.
9. make it older.
10. produce a youth bulge.
11. produce a middle-age bulge.

Answer 7

Make it older.

Question 8

8. The long-term impact of a fertility decline on the age structure is to
make it younger.
 make it older. 
produce a youth bulge. 
produce a middle-age bulge

Answer 8

Make it older

Question 9

If you see an age pyramid that caves in at the younger ages, the most likely explanation is
 declining fertility. 
increasing mortality.
 declining mortality. 
out-migration.

Answer 9

declining fertility.

Question 10

short-term impact of an increase in migration on the age structure is to

1. make it younger.
2. make it older.
3. produce a youth bulge.
4. produce a middle-age bulge.

Answer 10

4. produce a middle-age bulge.

Question 11

demographic dividend is associated with an age structure characterized by

1. a bulge in the working-age population.
2. a youth bulge.
3. age rectangularization.
4. an hourglass economy age pattern.

Answer 11

1. a bulge in the working-age population.

Question 12

demographic process most responsible for the demographic dividend is a rapid

1. drop in infant mortality.
2. rise in life expectancy.
3. drop in fertility.
4. rate of immigration.

Answer 12

3. drop in fertility.

Question 13

single most important influence on the percent of the population that is older is the

1. fertility rate.
2. mortality rate.
3. migration rate.
4. none of the above.

Answer 13

1. fertility rate.

Question 14

country with the greatest number of people aged 65 and older is

1. China.
2. Italy.
3. Japan.
4. the United States.

Answer 14

China

Question 15

country with the highest percentage of people aged 65 and older is

1. China.
2. Italy.
3. Japan.
4. the United States.

Answer 15

Japan

Question 16

difference between the “third age” and the “fourth age” is largely a function of the

1. imagination of society.
2. susceptibility to senescence.
3. transition from work to retirement.
4. movement of people into assisted living facilities.

Answer 16

4. movement of people into assisted living facilities.

Question 17

1. Almost every aspect of human society varies by age and/or sex.

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

2. In most human societies more females are born than males.

Answer 18

FALSE

Question 19

3. In most human societies there are more women at the older ages than there are men.

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

4. The impact of mortality decline is more to increase the size of the population than to change the age structure.

Answer 20

FALSE

Question 21

5. The dependency ratio measures the ratio of the population of working age to the population of dependent age.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

6. The impact of fertility decline is more to decrease the size of the population than to change the age structure.

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

7. The majority of older people live in the more developed countries.

Answer 23

TRUE