Chapter 8

Question 1

what is memory

Answer 1

the retention of information over time

Question 2

episodic memory

Answer 2

ex: last birthday

Question 3

semantic memory

Answer 3

ex: the largest mountain in Austri

Question 4

Procedural memory

Answer 4

eX: how to ride a bike

Question 5

3 systems of memory

Answer 5

sensory memory –> short term memory –> long term memory

Question 6

how fast in unrehearsed information lost?

Answer 6

15-30 seconds

Question 7

sensory memory

Answer 7

• sensory buffer before transfering to Short term memory

- these are your senses (iconic or visual, echoic - auditory)

Question 8

sperling’s test of iconic memory

Answer 8

found that people access to all 12 letters
- unable to recall all letters because memory fades
-

Question 9

STM stands for

Answer 9

short term memory

Question 10

Short Term Memory

Answer 10

related to working memory, however not the same

• memory coding happens here
• retains 7+/- 2 pieces of information

Question 11

chunking

Answer 11

organizing material into meaningful groups

Question 12

rehearsal

Answer 12

the rehearsal of information in short term memory

Question 13

long term memory

Answer 13

life learned facts, experiences, and skills

Question 14

primary and recency effects

Answer 14

probability of remembering is shaped like a U over time

• primary effect is first dip and is likely due to long term memory
• rise in probability of remembering is called the recency effect and is likely due to the short term memory effect

Question 15

encoding

Answer 15

active process because we would be overloaded otherwise
- automatic processing vs. effortful processing
(unconscious vs conscious; minimal vs high attention; frequency vs. episodic)

Question 16

depth of processing refers to

Answer 16

the deeper we process something the mroe likely we are to encode it (looks like, sounds like, means)

Question 17

maintenance rehearsal

Answer 17

repetition of original stimuli, out loud or mentally

Question 18

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 18

elaboration by linking them in meaningful ways

- better to connect information rather than repeating it.

Question 19

memory aids: mneomics

Answer 19

device that enhances recall, so like a long word.

Question 20

visual imagery

Answer 20

harder to remember abstract words that lack mental images

- 2 forms (verbal and nonverbal)

Question 21

method of loci

Answer 21

mental palace

Question 22

what are schemas?

Answer 22

organized knowledge structure or mental models that we have stored in memory

• provide frame of reference to interpret new situations
• they simplify but can over simplify and make false memories