chapter 8

Question 1

what is the most common pathway out of poverty for low income mothers?

Answer 1

getting married/common law

Question 2

life history analysis looks at 3 things? what is the relationship between then

Answer 2

1) families 2) state 3) market these relations are actualized through CAGE -> changing through the life courses

Question 3

who talks about families in decline?

Answer 3

David popenoe

Question 4

david popenoe argues that families no longer provide 5 things. List them

Answer 4

1) pro-creation 2) socialization 3) caring 4) economic support 5) sexual regulation

Question 5

today there is a decline in fertility. t or f

Answer 5

true

Question 6

discuss the marital role and women with regards to income

Answer 6

marital role is erroding as women make more money

Question 7

what is the role of the state and families with regards to women’s struggles (think of it from a gendered way with economic relations)?

Answer 7

the state reorganizes the workforce - the state maintains social relations for the sake of the accumulation of wealth for some - the family becomes a sight for doing this

Question 8

discuss the trends in the changes in families

Answer 8

• marriages down
• divorces up
• more lone-parent families (mostly woman led)
• more blended families
• increase in staying single
• increase in non-family living

Question 9

what are the issues with Popenoes views

Answer 9

• strict view of family
• disregards womens violence and oppression in families
• problem with how to define a family

Question 10

what are the 2 ways to define a family?

Answer 10

1. family is constructed as a middle class form
2. ideology - breadwinner model

Question 11

how is family “constructed as a middle class form?”

Answer 11

• based on the white family
• focuses on experience of women
• family a place to escape ethnic oppression in public shperes
• used to frame discriminatory immigration
• family welfare policies​
• nation building strategies

Question 12

how are men and women portrayed in the “ideology - Breadwinner model”

Answer 12

Men = productive

women = reproductive

Question 13

what are the 3 main points when discussing the “domestic labour” aspect of the family

Answer 13

1. maintaining the household
2. caring for members
3. consumptions or making ends meet

Question 14

discuss the “maintaining the household” point of the domestic labour of the family

Answer 14

• women do more housework
• womens daily acts (cooking, cleaning, ect)
• men periodically maintain the house

Question 15

discuss the “caring for members” point of the domestic labour of the family

Answer 15

• women primarily responsible for childcare
• work done by men and women varies according to employment and parental status
• the double shift -> woman do more even though they still have work -> they still need to cook clean ect
• women also caring for parents
  
  • sandwich generation
• divisions of domestic labour

Question 16

discuss the ‘consumption or making ends meet” point about the domestic labour of the family

Answer 16

• economic caring depends on income levels
  
  • pin money example from class
• low incomers are strategic and creative
  
  • women budgeting food

Question 17

___ and ___ structure the likely hood of experiencing violence

Answer 17

gender and age

Question 18

domestic violence mostly affects all individuals in the family. t or f

Answer 18

False

• disproportionately affect children, women, and the elderly

Question 19

intimate partner violence is highest among __ to __ year olds

Answer 19

15-24

Question 20

women who have relatively low power over their lives and in the public sphere are more likely to commit domestic violence

Answer 20

FALSE: men are

Question 21

boys physically and girls sexually experience abuse unequally

Answer 21

FALSE: equally

Question 22

what is structured dependence

Answer 22

women are dependent on men and are unlikely to leave abusive relationships

• 75% of women return

Question 23

heterosexuality is natural - it is a mechanism whereby men maintain their power and privilege. t or f

Answer 23

FALSE: Heterosexuality is unnatural

Question 24

____ reinforces compulsory heterosexuality

Answer 24

Capitalism

Question 25

how does capital reinforce compulsory heterosexuality?

Answer 25

* womens success at work tied to their feminity * women often endure sexual harrasment to keep their jobs * women more economically dependent cuz they earn less

Question 26

how does marriage regulate sexual relations?

Answer 26

relationship b/w sex and economic dependency

Question 27

concluding remarks, how can we explain family inequality?

Answer 27

* studies focus on individual differences and ignore structures * couples that have more income parity have more equitable relations

Question 28

what conclusions can we make about CAGE and Family?

Answer 28

* division of household labour has changed little * persistence of abuse within families * popenoe and other new-conservatives see families in decline; others see change as positive