Chapter 8

Question 1

2 dimensions of emotion

Answer 1

valance, arousal

Question 2

Valance

Answer 2

how pos or neg the experience is

Question 3

arousal

Answer 3

how active or passive the experience is

Question 4

Pos or neg experiences are associated with

Answer 4

physiological reactivity

Question 5

Emotions contain both?

Answer 5

emotional experience and physiological arousal

Question 6

James-Lange theory

Answer 6

stimulus –> Physiological arousal –> emotional experience

Question 7

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 7

stimulus –> physiological arousal + emotional experience

Question 8

Two- factor theory

Answer 8

Physical arousal + cognitive interpretation –> emotional experience

Question 9

Amygdala

Answer 9

• production of emotion

- critical in making appraisals

Question 10

What are the basic emotions

Answer 10

• Disgust
• Anger
• Fear
• Happiness
• Sadness
• Surprise

Question 11

Misattribution of arousal

Answer 11

mislabel the source/ cause of arousal

Question 12

Universality Hypothesis

Answer 12

emotional expressions that have the same meaning for everyone

Question 13

Cognitive Functions

Answer 13

• problem solving and perseverance

- make judgements

Question 14

Motivational Functions

Answer 14

• motivated to seek pleasure not pain

- motivate to take action

Question 15

Social Functions

Answer 15

• communication
• humans need to belong to social groups
• moebius syndrome

Question 16

5 needs

Answer 16

1. Physiological (food)
2. Safety (home)
3. Love/ belonging (family)
4. Esteem
5. Self-actualization

Question 17

CAPRAS DELUSION

what is it?

Answer 17

lack feeling familiarity when see familiar face

ex. looks like mom but not mom

Question 18

what does it tell us about function of emotion?

Answer 18

• help quick judgments about people

- importance for social bonds

Question 19

what brain areas are affected?

Answer 19

fusiform gyrus in temporal lobe

Question 20

Sexual response cycle

Answer 20

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Question 21

Gay males are most likely to have

Answer 21

older male siblings

Question 22

Social Structural Theory

Answer 22

Emphasizes cultural factors

Question 23

What determines sexual orientation?

Answer 23

• Prenatal hormone exposure
• Behavioural Genetics
• Fraternal Birth order effect
• Hypothalamus
• Quasi-Experiment

Question 24

Prenatal hormone exposure

Answer 24

exposure to higher lvls of androgens (testosterone) during prenatal development

Question 25

Behavioural Genetics

Answer 25

- multiple genes - no gay genes - twins = significant genetic component

Question 26

Fraternal birth order effect

Answer 26

gay males more likely to have older male siblings

Question 27

Hypothalamus

Answer 27

hypothalamus smaller in gays but bc its smaller doesn't mean your gay

Question 28

Quasi - Experiment | How to grow a lesbian

Answer 28

boys w/ dick off at birth and raised as girl = still attracted to girls

Question 29

Instincts

Answer 29

acting in such a way to produce certain ends, w/o foresight of ends, and w/o previous education in performance

Question 30

Drives

Answer 30

internal states caused by physiological needs

Question 31

Intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation

Answer 31

Intrinsic- motivation to take actions that are rewarding Extrinsic- motivation to take actions that LEAD to reward

Question 32

Conscious vs. unconscious motivation

Answer 32

Conscious- motivations when aware Unconscious- motivations when unaware

Question 33

Approach vs. avoidance motivation

Answer 33

Approach- motivation to experience pos. outcomes Avoidance- motivation to not experience neg outcomes

Question 34

Reliable signs of someone lying

Answer 34

Slow-talking, - few details - ~ time before speaking - less plausible stories - higher voice pitch - less admitted lack of memory - fewer spontaneous corrections

Question 35

Unreliable signs of someone lying

Answer 35

- fast talking - response length - self-doubt - eye movement - smiling

Question 36

Are lie detector test accurate?

Answer 36

no but better than chance

Question 37

Facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 37

emotional expressions can cause emotional experiences

Question 38

What hormone triggers eating, and originates in the stomach (ON switch)

Answer 38

Ghrelin

Question 39

What hormone releases fat cells as more fat is stored, and inhibits eating behaviour (OFF switch)

Answer 39

Leptin

Question 40

Damage to lateral hypothalamus leads to

Answer 40

reduced food intake

Question 41

Damage to ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus leads to

Answer 41

increase in food intake

Question 42

Why do we overeat?

Answer 42

- Evolution - Biochemical abnormalities - Social and emotional factors