1
Q
Acquired immunity AKA _____
- is expressed after exposure to a given substance and is _____ (has _____)
- involves _____ receptors on _____ and the partition of _____ for its expression
- consists of:
- -_____: mediated by antibodies
- -_____: mediated by lymphocytes
A
adaptive immunity specific memory specific lymphocytes macrophages humoral immunity cell mediated immunity
2
Q
what is so unique about the immune system?
unlike inflammation in ch 8, which is nonspecifically activated by cellular damage and pathogenic microorganisms, the immune response is primarily designed to afford _____ (i.e., immunity) against particular _____; that is, it has a _____. the other options are not unique characteristics of the immune response
A
long-term specific protection
invading microorganisms
memory function
3
Q
humoral immunity:
- _____ and circulating _____ are the primary cells
- causes direct inactivation of a _____ or the activation of _____
- primarily protects against _____ and _____
cell-mediated immunity:
- differentiates _____
- primarily protects against _____ and _____
- humoral and cellular immunity work together to provide _____ and _____
- -respond more rapidly and efficiently on subsequent exposure to the same _____
A
b cells antibodies microorganism inflammatory mediators bacteria viruses t cells viruses cancer immunity memory antigen
4
Q
ACTIVE VS PASSIVE IMMUNITY
active immunity: active acquired immunity
-_____ or _____ are produced after either a natural exposure to an _____ or after _____
-is _____ lived
passive immunity:
- preformed _____ or _____ are transferred from a _____ to a _____
- occurs _____ or _____
- is temporary or _____
A
antibodies t cells antigen immunization long antibodies t lymphocytes donor recipient naturally artificially short lived
5
Q
Antibody
- _____:
- is the most abundant class (_____ to _____)
- is transported across the _____
- accounts for most of the _____ against _____
- _____ classes: Name them
A
IgG 80% 85% placenta protective activity infections four IgG1 IgG2 IgG3 IgG4
6
Q
antibody
- _____:
- predominantly found in the blood and body secretions (found in _____ and other body secretions)
- -has two subclasses:
- -IgA1: are predominantly in the _____
- -IgA2: are predominantly in _____
- IgAs in body secretions are _____ anchored by the _____ and _____
- -secretory piece may function to protect IgAs against _____
- -antibodies that are associated with _____, such as immunoglobulins, functions to prevent infections that focus on _____ of the body
A
IgA saliva blood normal body secretions dimers J-chain secretary piece enzyme degradation mucosal immune system epithelial surfaces
7
Q
_____ secretory immune system- present in _____, _____, _____, and _____
A
IgA blood saliva breast milk respiratory secretions
8
Q
antibody
- _____:
- is the largest of the immunoglobulins
- _____ is stabilized by a _____
- is the _____ antibody produced during the primary response to an _____
- is synthesized during _____
- indicates _____
A
IgM pentamer J chain first antigen fetal life primary immune response
9
Q
antibody:
- _____:
- is the least concentrated of the immunoglobulin classes in the circulation
- acts as a mediator of many common _____
- defends against _____
A
IgE
allergic responses
parasites
10
Q
_____:
- not known well
- functions as one type of B-cell antigen receptor
A
IgD
11
Q
secondary (_____) immune response
- is more _____ than the primary response
- larger amounts of _____ are produced
- rapidity is due to the presence of _____ that do not have to differentiate
- _____ is produced in similar quantities to the primary response, but _____ is produced in considerably great numbers
A
anamnestic rapid antibody memory cells IgM IgG
12
Q
secretory (_____) immune response
- _____ are present in _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____
- _____ act locally
- major function:
- -is to halt _____ and _____ invasion before local or systemic disease develops; to prevent a _____
- _____ is the dominant immunoglobulin
- -small numbers of _____ and _____ are present
A
mucosal antibodies tears sweat saliva mucus breast milk secretory immunoglobulins viral bacterial carrier state IgA IgG IgM
13
Q
immunoglobulin E (IgE)
- is a special class of antibody that protect against _____
- is also the primary cause of _____
- _____: is the primary cell for granuloma formation around the parasite
- -causes _____ of the _____
A
large parasitic worms allergies eosinophil degranulation parasite
14
Q
fetal and neonatal immune function
- _____ have a poorly developed immune response
- _____ function of the newborn is deficient
- -is capable of primary _____ response, but is unable to produce an _____ challenge
- immunity is provided by _____
- -_____ transport maternal _____ across the placenta
- -newborn _____ levels are near adult levels
A
newborns antibody IgM IgG maternal antibodies trophoblastic cells IgG IgG
15
Q
aging and immune function, there is an _____ in _____
- decreased _____ activity
- -thymic size is _____ of its maximum size
- decreased production of specific _____
- decreased circulating _____
- increased circulating _____
- increased circulating _____
A
increase circulating autoantibodies t cell 15% antibodies memory B cells immune complexes autoantibodies
