chapter 8: cardio

Question 1

Osler’s nodes

Janeway lesions

Splinter haemorrhages

associated with:

Answer 1

infective endocarditis.

Question 2

malar flush associated with

Answer 2

mitral valve stenosis

Question 3

Why does oedema occur in heart failure?

Answer 3

• increased venous pressure
• increases capillary hydrostatic pressure
• greater extravasation of fluid than returning of fluid
• oedema will result

Question 4

how do ACE inhibitors work?

Answer 4

• block formation of angiotensin 2
• thus dilation of efferent arteriole
• increase in renal blood flow
• decrease in GFR

Question 5

signs of infective endocarditis

Answer 5

• splinter haemorrhages
• splenomegaly
• murmur
• fever
• janeway’s lesions
• osler nodes

Question 6

what resp abnormality might be seen in patients with DVT?

Answer 6

• respiratory alkalosis

- due to hyperventilation causing lowered arterial carbon dioxide

Question 7

name of pain that occurs then during work that makes you have to stop inbetween

Answer 7

intermittent claudication

Question 8

why does aortic stenosis result in a slow rising pulse?

Answer 8

• rate of injection of blood into aorta is decreased
• as a result of poorly functioning ventricle
• therefore duration of ejection is prolonged
• amplitude of pulse is diminished

Question 9

angina results from

Answer 9

• increased oxygen requirement

- due to hypertrophic myocardium

Question 10

babies with patent ductus arteriousus will have what murmur sound

Answer 10

• machinery’ like murmur

Question 11

58 y/o male:

• shortness of breath, chest pain and dizziness
• slow rising pulse
• soft S2 heart sound
• crescendo decrescendo murmur in 2nd ICS

what cardiac abnormality associated with this condition?

Answer 11

aortic stenosis

Question 12

65 y/o female, shortness of breath, esp when lying down. swollen ankles. irregular pulse and holosystolic murmur at apex of heart radiating to axilla.

which cardiac abnormality will cause this presentation

Answer 12

mitral regurgitation

Question 13

truncus arteriosus gives rise to

Answer 13

ascending aorta

pulmonary trunk

Question 14

bulbus cordis gives rise to

Answer 14

ventricles

Question 15

why does ejection systolic murmur occur

Answer 15

due to turbulence that occurs as blood flows across the stenotic valve

Question 16

role of ductus venosus

Answer 16

• shunt portion of left umbilical vein blood flow directly to the IVC
• therefore allowing oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver

Question 17

rib notching due to

Answer 17

coarctation of aorta