what growth do plants display?
indeterminate growth (they grow throughout their lifetime)
what are the regions of cell division of plants called?
meristems
description of primary cell walls?
they have relatively thin cellulose framework and have the ability to expand during the growth of the cell
description of secondary cell walls?
composed of multiple layers of cellulose fibers and are embedded with a substance called lignin (giving secondary walls greater strength than primary)
what are the three simple tissues that function in support, storage, and/or metabolism
dermal tissue, vascular tissue, ground tissue
what are cotyledons ?
structures that function is food storage or absorption in the seed
whats the main difference between monocots and dicots?
the number of cotyledons contained in the seeds of plants
how many cotyledons do monocots and dicots have?
monocots: one
dicots: two
common examples of monocots
corn, onions, palms, tulips, lilies, and grasses
common examples of dicots
trees, shrubs, beans, peas, and potatoes
what’s the structural difference between monocots and dicots?
their leaves. monocot leaves tend to have veins in a parallel pattern, while dicots form branching veins
what does secondary growth result in for a plant?
results in an increase in width of a stem or root
what type of cells are dead at maturity?
sclerenchyma cells
description of parenchyma cells
- are large
- have thin primary walls
- often function in storage
- may be photosynthetic
description of collenchyma cells
- functions in the support of soft or growing stems
- cells walls are unevenly thickened
- alive at maturity
description of sclerenchyma cells
- more specialized to provide support and structure to the plant
- have evenly thickened cell walls
- cell is dead at maturity
what are apical meristems?
regions of cell division at the tip of a plant’s stem and roots
what is a defining characteristic of the Kingdom Plantae
the cellulose cell wall
what are dermal tissue systems?
- complex tissues forming the outer protective covering of a plant
- the outer covering may be composed of a single layer of epidermis
- they are often protected by a cuticle (a waxy covering that helps to reduce evaporation of water from the plant surface)
what’s the primary cell wall found in dermal tissue systems?
parenchyma cells
what are vascular tissue systems?
- complex tissues responsible for internal transport in plants
- vascular tissue is packaged into multiple vascular bundles within a young stem
what are the two types of vascular tissues?
xylem and phloem
what’s the xylem?
- the xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
- the conducting elements are long hollow tubes made of stacks of cells
- one-way flow
- no end walls between cells
what’s the phloem?
- transports the sugars that are produced by photosynthesis to the rest of the plant for use or storage
- contain sieve plates (act as walls in the cell)
- two-way movement
