Fisher thought that factorial designs were especially useful in agriculture because of their ability to analyze _______.
interactive effects
Factorial designs allow researchers to examine how different factors interact with each other.
All of the following are true about factorial designs except: _______.
they are best analyzed with a 1-factor ANOVA
Factorial designs typically require more complex analysis methods than a 1-factor ANOVA.
In a factorial study, a main effect occurs when differences are found for the different levels of _______.
an independent variable
Main effects indicate the impact of a single independent variable on the dependent variable.
A 2x2x4 factorial design has _______.
eight different conditions
The number of conditions is calculated by multiplying the levels of each factor.
In a factorial study, what is a main effect? It refers to any statistically significant difference between the levels of a _______.
single independent variable
Main effects help to understand the overall impact of each independent variable.
Jenkins and Dallenbach conducted a famous study on retroactive interference. The design was a _______.
2x4 repeated measures factorial design
This design allows for the examination of multiple conditions across the same subjects.
In a 2x2 design, the following results occur: 20 20 / 30 30. This indicates: _______.
there is one main effect and no interaction
The results suggest that one independent variable has a significant effect while the other does not.
In a stylus maze study, some subjects are fined 25 cents. This indicates a main effect of reward size. True or False?
TRUE
The size of the reward can significantly influence the behavior of subjects in the study.
A 3x3x3 factorial design has _______.
all of the above
This design includes multiple independent variables, each with three levels.
In a memory study, a ceiling effect indicates that: _______.
a ceiling effect has occurred
This means that the dependent variable has reached its maximum limit, making it difficult to detect differences.
The outcome of extroverts vs. introverts in different room sizes describes a _______.
PxE interaction
This interaction examines how personality types respond differently to environmental conditions.
In a 2x2 design with between- and within-subjects factor, if there are 30 subjects in one cell, the total number of subjects is _______.
60
This design requires a total of subjects equal to the product of the levels of each factor.
The Shute study included a subject variable and a manipulated variable. This indicates: _______.
a subject variable
Subject variables are characteristics of the participants that cannot be manipulated.
In Fisher’s agricultural study, which outcome illustrates an interaction effect? Answer: _______.
none of these describe an interaction
Interaction effects occur when the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of another.
In a 2x2 factorial design, if men helped by therapy A and women helped by therapy B, this describes: _______.
an interaction between gender and therapy type
The interaction indicates that the effectiveness of therapy varies by gender.
In the crowding study with skilled and needing-improvement third graders, this study includes: _______.
a subject variable
Subject variables are characteristics that differentiate participants in the study.
A single experiment where the amount of reward and type of reward varied is classified as a _______.
2x3 mixed factorial
Mixed factorial designs include both between-subjects and within-subjects factors.
Which of the following is true about a PxE factorial design? Answer: _______.
it includes both a subject variable and a manipulated variable
This design allows for the examination of how different subject characteristics interact with experimental manipulations.
The closing time effect study produced: _______.
two main effects
Main effects indicate that both gender and time had significant impacts on the outcomes.
This study includes learning style as _______________.
a subject variable
Subject variables are inherent characteristics of participants that cannot be manipulated.
What type of independent variables are used in a stylus maze study? Answer: _______.
two between-subjects independent variables
This indicates that different groups of subjects are exposed to different levels of the independent variables.
A 2x3 factorial design has six _______________.
different conditions
The number of conditions is calculated by multiplying the levels of each factor.
In the crowding study, the total N if there are 20 children in one cell is _______.
120
Total N is calculated based on the number of subjects across all conditions.
How can a mixed factorial be a PxE design? Answer: _______.
when the ‘E’ factor is a repeated-measures variable
This allows for the examination of how repeated measures interact with subject characteristics.
