Cell division
The process by which cells reproduce
Prokaryotic cell division
Prokaryotes reproduce by a method called binary fission (asexual reproduction
Bi=?
two fissions = splitting
Bacteria
have one circular piece of DNA, DNA gets copied into two pieces
cell cycle
a repeating set of events that make up the life cycle of the cell
what are the two parts of the cell cycle?
interphase, cell division and mitosis
Mitosis
the division of the nucleolus
Cytokinesis
The division of cytoplasm
Interphase
A period of cell growth; carries out cellular functions
What are the interphases 3 phases?
G-(gap), S-(Synthesis), G2-(Gap)
G-(Gap)
Cell grows, carries out normal cell functions
Synthesis
DNA replication
G2- (Gap)2
Where the cell prepares for the cell division
Stages of Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
Prophase
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, sister chromatids joined at centromere.
Metaphase (Meta = middle)
spindle fibers help the chromosomes up in the middle of the poles, at the equator or metaphase plate
Anaphase
The sister chromatids separate at the centromere of each chromosome
Chromatids are…
pulled toward opposite poles, each chromatid are 2 identical chromosomes
Telophase
begins when the chromosomes reach the poles, the spindle fibers go away
Cytokinesis part 2
Begins towards the end of mitosis, differs in plants and animals
Cytokinesis in animal cells
The cell pinches in halfway between the poles, cleavage furrow of cell membrane occurs
Cytokinesis in plant cells
Do not pinch because of the cell wall, cell is divided in half by forming a cell plate that grows outward until it reaches the cell wall
Cell division in eukaryotes
is controlled by many proteins
What are the three main checkpoints
cell growth -G1, DNA synthesis, and mitosis checkpoint
