Chapter 8.4-8.5

Question 1

Fertilization process

Answer 1

sperm and ovum unite to form a single-cell zygote with 46 chromosomes. Zygote then divides in mitosis, forming a baby. If it divides improperly, it can form twins or more!

Question 2

Monozygotic Twins

Answer 2

Identical, one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells, forming two embryos

Question 3

Dizygotic Twins

Answer 3

Fraternal, women’s body releases two fertilized eggs at different times forming two embryos

Question 4

Bioethics

Answer 4

study of ethical and moral issues in biology and medicine

Question 5

The 3 Stages of Prenatal Development

Answer 5

1) Germinal Period (0-2 weeks)
2) Embryonic Period (2-8 weeks)
3) Fetal Period (8 weeks - birth)

Question 6

The Germinal Period (def and features)

Answer 6

• the first two weeks after fertilization where the zygote divides and moves down the uterus (protective organ) and implants in the lining
• Placenta (organ the nourishes and filters waste) and umbilical cord (connects baby to the placenta) are formed
• Cells begin to differentiate and specialize

Question 7

The Embryonic Period (def and features)

Answer 7

• (2-8 weeks) time of major organ and structure development (eyes, lips, nose, teeth, heart) all while being an inch tall

Question 8

Critical Periods

Answer 8

times when environmental factors can impact infant development of certain organs

Question 9

Teratogen

Answer 9

substance that can cause a birth defect, i.e. Fetal-Alcohol-Spectrum-Disorders

Question 10

Embryo

Answer 10

name for organism developing from 2-8 weeks

Question 11

The Fetal Period

Answer 11

• (8 weeks - term) period categorized by tremendous growth
• age of viability where an infant could survive outside the womb ranges from around 22-26 weeks
• most children are born during the 38th-40th week
• most miscarriages happen within the first 3 months