Chapter 8B

Question 0

2. Who wrote Origin of Species?
   a. Lamarck c. Darwin
   b. De Vries d. Mendel

Answer 0

C. Darwin

Question 1

1. Why are acquired traits not passed on to offspring?

Answer 1

acquired characteristics are caused by an organism’s environment; the organism is not born with the trait.

Lamarck’s theory was not true. Pierce ear, or dad’s muscles? Giraffe’s neck didn’t just evolve

Question 2

3. Describe two of the major parts of Darwin’s evolutionary theory.

Natural Selection
Descent with modification

Answer 2

Natural selection:

• not all offspring of species lives
• species compete for the things for survival
• survival of the fittest will win
• individuals with best traits will live (color of moth)
• • Natural selection does NOT produce new genetic information **

Descent with modification:
- newer organisms are the modified descendants of much older organisms. According to Darwin, all life began with a single life form. Then millions of years of natural selection produced the new species seen today.

Question 3

4. What two organisms did Darwin find on the Galápagos Islands that he later used to explain natural selection?

Answer 3

Finches and

Tortoise

Question 4

5. Who proposed the mutation theory of evolution?

Answer 4

Hugo de Vries

mutation theory of evolution says germ genes mutated millions of times to change organisms.

Question 5

6. Why are most mutations not passed on to offspring?

Answer 5

Because most mutations are somatic

Question 6

7. (True or False) Biological evolution would require millions of loss-of-function mutations to produce the variety of life we have today.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

8. List the three key points of the mutation-selection theory (combines Darwinism and mutation theory)

Answer 7

1. Mutations supply new traits.
2. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.
3. Natural selection allows only organisms with the best traits to survive.

Question 8

9. (True or False) The theory of evolution has changed since Darwin’s time.

Answer 8

True. People have added to it

Question 9

10. List three problems with the mutation-selection theory.

Answer 9

Mutations are rare.

Mutations must occur in a germ cell to pass down to offspring

To be useful, mutations must be gain-of-function mutations. Mutations we see today are loss-of-function mutations (bats)

“Good” mutations must occur repeatedly and in many different organisms to be true. Mathematicians believe this many “good” mutations is statistically impossible.

Question 10

11. (True or False) Intelligent design theory is an attempt to use science to prove that God exists.

Answer 10

False