What are the four types of pepper grains?
- Black grains
- Green grains
- White grains
- Red grains
Describe black grains.
Immaturely harvested berries, brown –> black when drying
Describe green grains.
Immature green berries conserved in brine solution
Describe white grains.
Immature berries soaked in water, then fermented. Once the berries burst, peel them.
Describe red grains.
They are dried berries.
What are the four related pepper types?
- Paprika
- Jalapeño
- Spanish peppers (chili)
- Madame Jeanette
Why is salt used?
To increase flavour intensely, or for conservation.
What are three types of salt? Describe each.
- Table salt: finely ground salt with anti-caking agent
- Colour salt: adding nitrate: prevents raw meat turning brown
- Sea salt: Grove crystals
Name three natural sweeteners
- Sugar
- Honey
- Stevia
Name three artificial sweeteners
- Aspartame
- Sorbitol
- Xylitol
What is Tabasco?
A sauce based on vinegar, salt and red peppers
What is soy sauce?
The natural fermentation of soy beans
What is Sambal?
A sauce based on red peppers
What is chili sauce?
A sauce based on peppers, water and sugar
What is ketchup?
A sauce based on tomatoes, vinegar, sugar, salt, and flavourings.
What is Oyster sauce?
It is reduced oyster bouillon
What is wasabi?
From a wasabi plant
Name 12 different types of spices.
- Cinnamon
- Cumin seeds
- Mace
- Nutmeg
- Bay leaves
- Clove
- Ginger
- Vanilla
- Cardemon
- Saffron
- Star anise
- Fennel seeds
Name four differences between herbs and spices.
- Herbs are always used fresh, and spices are always dried/fermented
- Herbs are perishable, spices are good for months
- Herbs should be kept moist, spices should be kept dry
- Herbs can grow in the Netherlands, but spices are grown in subtropical climates.
Name 7 herbs that are good for herbal oil
- Rosemary
- Sage
- Basil
- Thyme
- Lemon balm
- Oregano
- Tarragon
Name 14 fresh herbs.
- Chives
- Oregano
- Parsley
- Coriander
- Basil
- Marjoram
- Thyme
- Tarragon
- Lovage
- Dill
- Chervil
- Sage
- Rosemary
- Mint
Name 10 edible flowers.
- Rose
- Lavender
- Daisy
- Borage
- Violet
- Jasmine
- Elderberry
- Orchid
Name 5 poisonous flowers
- Holly
- Golden chain
- Lesser celandine
- Lily of the valley
- Rhodondendron
Name 6 herb flowers, and why they are used.
- Basil (nice in salads)
- Thyme (sweet flavour)
- Sage (marmelade or ice)
- Dill (sweet)
- Chives (overwhelming flavour)
- Courgette Flower (filled/deep fried)
