Chapter 9

Question 1

we form _______ to enrich our lives

however doing so puts us at risk for _____.

Answer 1

attachments

loss

Question 2

types of loss

Answer 2

primary
secondary
death related losses
losses not related to death
nonfinite losses
ambiguous losses
traumatic losses

Question 3

primary loses

Answer 3

the termination of close attachments or relationships

Question 4

secondary losses

Answer 4

those that follow from a primary loss

Question 5

when is a loss or death termed traumatic?

Answer 5

1. suddenness and lack of anticipation
2. violence, mutilation, and destruction
3. preventability and randomness
4. multiple deaths or loses
5. personal encounter, threat to survival or shocking confrontation with death

Question 6

shock effects tend to overwhelm a mourner’s capacity to ____.

multiple deaths can produce a form of _________.

Answer 6

cope

bereavement overload

Question 7

bereavement definition

Answer 7

objective situation of individuals who have experienced loss

identify the aftermath of loss

Question 8

three essential elements in all bereavement

Answer 8

1. an attachment or relationship with some person or thing that is valued
2. the loss, ending, separation of that relationship
3. an individual who is deprived of the valued person or thing by the loss

Question 9

what is grief

Answer 9

term that includes internal and external reactions to loss

Question 10

grief is a ______ or discomforting disturbance of everday equilibrium

Answer 10

dis-ease (not disease)

Question 11

clinical depression

Answer 11

form of grieving by angry impulses toward the loved person turned inward toward themselves

Question 12

guilt

Answer 12

thoughts and feelings of blame

thinking he or she could’ve done something

Question 13

unrealistic guilt

Answer 13

a temporary acceptance of blame

Question 14

what makes a difference in gried and bereavement

Answer 14

1. nature of prior attatchment
2. the way the loss occurred
3. the coping strategies
4. the developmental situation of person
5. the support available

Question 15

anticipatory grief

Answer 15

reactions to losses that have not yet occurred and are not yet in process

Question 16

anticipatory mourning

Answer 16

responses to these losses and efforts to cope with anticipated losses and related grief reactions

Question 17

can greif be absent

Answer 17

Deutsh suggested absence of feelings was a problem

Bonanno disagreed and said they are optimistic

Question 18

mourning definition

Answer 18

essential process for those who are trying to cope with loss and grief

Question 19

mourning has two complementary forms

Answer 19

1. internal, private, intrapersonal
   - grieving and inward struggles to cope
2. outward, public, or interpersonal
   - visible and shared expressions of grief
   - effort to obtain social support

Question 20

theries of mourning

Answer 20

early theoretical models

more recent theories

Question 21

early theoretical models of mourning

Answer 21

1. there is some universal human pattern to how human beings respond to loss
2. that pattern is best understood as a series of normative stages or phases which successful mourners work through toward some goal of completion

Question 22

more recent theories of mourning

Answer 22

1. personal in character, no universal pattern exists
2. affected by cultural norms and social expectations
3. complex, personal interactions with emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and spiritual components

Question 23

bowlby and parkes phases in mourning

Answer 23

1. Shock & numbness
2. Yearning & searching
3. Disorganization & despair
4. Reorganization

Question 24

sanders phases in mourning

Answer 24

1. shock
2. awareness of loss
3. conservation-withdrawal
4. healing-the turning point
5. renewal
6. fulfillment

Question 25

kubler-ross, kessler, and others mourning stages

Answer 25

``` denial anger bargaining depression acceptance ```

Question 26

new models of active coping and personal pathways

Answer 26

tasks in mourning the dual-process model adaptive grieving styles efforts at meaning reconstruction

Question 27

worden's tasks in mourning

Answer 27

1. To accept the reality of the loss 2. To process the pain of grief 3. To adjust to a world without the deceased 4. To find an enduring connection with the deceased in the midst of embarking on a new life

Question 28

the dual process model

Answer 28

oscillation between two sets of dynamic and interrelated processes incoping with bereavement 1. working thru loss and grief 2. addressing secondary losses and new challenges eveyones experience being different

Question 29

adaptive grieving styles

Answer 29

intuitive grievers | instrumental grievers

Question 30

intuitive grievers

Answer 30

emphasize experiencing and expressing emotion

Question 31

instrumental grievers

Answer 31

focus on practical matters and problem solving

Question 32

feminine model

Answer 32

only right way to mourn is expressing emotion and reaching out and accepting help

Question 33

masculine model

Answer 33

suppresses emotion except anger and guilt hides vulnerability focuses on practical problems and work

Question 34

meaning reconstruction

Answer 34

desire for humans to seek meaning to have structure in the chaos meaning making and meaning finding

Question 35

three essential principles of meaning reconstruction

Answer 35

1. grieving entails reconstructing the world of meaning 2. adaptation to bereavement involves redifining a continued bond with the deceased 3. narrative methos can restore a sense of autobiographical coherence

Question 36

continuing bonds

Answer 36

invloves an internal representation of that individual so they keep a presence in ur life ppl can also make rememberence social media to keep them alive.

Question 37

enriched rememberence

Answer 37

efforts to restructure the relationahip so as to carry its legacy forward with the bereaved person into his or her new modes of living

Question 38

possibilities for transformation and growth in grief anf mourning... two key questions?

Answer 38

1. are there fixed end points in grief and mourning? | 2. are there oppurunities for growth adn tranformation in these experiences?

Question 39

examples of claims on behalf of fixed end points in mourning

Answer 39

recovery resolution completion

Question 40

recovery

Answer 40

often sadi to be the goal of mourning

Question 41

resolution

Answer 41

the idea that one is healed and could be essentially inchanged by the loss experience

Question 42

completion

Answer 42

the idea of a once and for all closure after which there is no more mourning

Question 43

when does grief get better

Answer 43

when a person can do tasks of daily living and can invest in life again. when it doesnt hurt as much

Question 44

complicated grief reactions

Answer 44

personal distress and disruption in everyday activities chronic persistant or prolonged in duration

Question 45

four types of complicated grief reactions

Answer 45

1. chronic grief 2. delayed grief 3. exaggerated grief 4. masked grief reactions

Question 46

complications typically develop as a result of ...

Answer 46

difficulties with the relationship of deceased circumstances of the death bereaved history or personality social factors surrounding the experience

Question 47

why can complicated grief reactions lead to harmful affects if stated as an illness.

Answer 47

1. normal reactions to death of a loved one will be misclassified as a mental disorder 2. antidepressants prescribes for depression, but they dont help with bereaved. 3. prescriptions written by pcp most of time, and they might not have training for bereavement.

Question 48

How are families significant in their members’ bereavements?

Answer 48

They provide a context that influences members’ experiences of loss, grief, & mourning

Question 49

How do families differ in the ways in which they affect their members’ bereavements?

Answer 49

For example, by being permissive/restrictive, supportive or unsupportive

Question 50

Do families grieve as a unit?

Answer 50

Only individuals experience grief; families are not persons & do not engage in these intrapersonal processes

Question 51

Do families as a unit cope with loss & grief?

Answer 51

Families do engage in a type of systemic coping with loss & grief