Chapter 9

Question 1

Types of Dose Response Curves (4)

Answer 1

Linear Non Threshold
Linear Threshold
Linear Quadratic
Non Linear Sigmoid

Question 2

Linear Quadratic Non Threshold

Answer 2

predicts breast cancer, leukemia, and heritable damage
represents dose squared

Question 3

Linear Non Threshold

Answer 3

Predicts most cancers

Question 4

Linear Threshold

Answer 4

predicts cataracts, skin erythema, hematologic depression

Question 5

Sigmoid Non Linear Threshold

Answer 5

represent rad therapy, shows damage then healing between treatments

Question 6

Epidemiology

Answer 6

science that deals w the incidence, distribution and control of disease in a population

Question 7

3 major types of late effects

Answer 7

1. carcinogenesis
2. cataractogenesis
3. embryologic effects (birth defects)

Question 8

Radium watch dial painters

Answer 8

5 Gyt +
- radium containing paint, put brushes on their lips ingesting it
- caused osteoporosis, bone cancers, carcinoma of the sinuses + oral cavity

Question 9

Uranium Miners

Answer 9

• composite dose 10 sv (1000 rem) over employment
• radium in mines decays to radon
• 1/2 of miners died from lung cancer, families affected by clothing
• Cold War: knew risks and didn’t say, leaving radioactive dust and contaminated drinking water

Question 10

Early Medical Radiation Workers

Answer 10

1 Gyt
- exposed to large amounts without knowing leading to skin cancers, lesions
- make educational programs focus on rad safety

Question 11

Breast Cancer in Rad Treatment of Benign Postpartum Mastitis

Answer 11

• 531 women w avg dose of 247 cGyt, 6.3% got breast cancer
• increase dose=increase risk
• studies showed exposure can cause cancer in pts getting treatments

Question 12

Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivors

Answer 12

• for every 300 survivors, 1 died of malignancy from whole body dose of .14 mSv
• leukemia occurs after two years, peaked 7-10 years, almost 0 at 30 years
  50% gamma 50% neutrons (Hiroshima)
  90% gamma 10% neutrons (Nagasaki)