What are the 3 components of energy expenditure?
50-65%: BMR (basal metabolic rate) - activities to sustain life
25-50%: voluntary activity
5-10%: thermos effect for food (increased metabolism for ~5 hr after eating)
What are some factors that affect BMR?
Age
Height
Growth
Body composition
Fever, stress
Environmental temp
Fasting, starvation, malnutrition
Thyroxin
What factors should energy requirement calculations take into account?
- Anthropometry (measurements of shape)
> waist circumference, skin folds, etc - Density
> underwater weighing - Conductivity
- Radiographic
What are the weight categories of the BMI?
< 18.5, Underweight
18.5 – 24.9, Healthy weight
25 – 29.9, Overweight
30 – 34.9, Obese class I
35 – 39.9, Obese class II
> 40, Obese class III
How is body mass index calculated?
Weight / Height
What is an issue with BMI?
It may misclassify people with larger bodies as “not healthy” or people in smaller bodies as “healthy” even when they are not
What are key determinants of health?
MOST IMPACTFUL
>Income and social status
>Employment and working conditions >Education and literacy
>Childhood experiences
>Physical Environments
>Social supports and coping skills
>Healthy behaviors
>Access to health services
>Biology and genetic endowment
>Gender
>Culture
>Race / Racism
LEAST IMPACTFUL
What is the difference between hunger and appetite?
Hunger: Physiological need to eat, sensation that demands relief
Appetite: Psychological desire to eat, learned motivation
What is the difference between satiation and satiety?
Satiation: Perception of fullness that build
throughout meal
Satiety: Perception of fullness that lingers
after meal (inhibits eating until next
meal)
What is leptin?
An appetite SUPPRESSING hormone produced in fat cells
What is weight cycling?
The repeated pattern of losing and regaining weight, often through dieting, and is linked to negative health outcomes
Define weight normative
- People who differ from normative size have a “disease” i.e., require explanation
- Fat tissue/weight is the focus of change and presumed to be the most powerful factor for better health
Define weight inclusive
- Eventual body size might be the outcome of processes that can be normal or not, but no body size alone is inherently healthy or unhealthy
- How people are treated and determinants of health are the focus of change and presumed to be the most power factors
