microbial control methods that kill__ are able to sterilize
endospores
sanitization is a process by which
the microbial load on objects is reduced
an example of an agent that lowers the surface tension of cells is
alcohol
high temps__ and lows temps__
kill cells; inhibit cell growth
microbe(s) that is/are the target(s) of pasteurization include
mycobacterium species
salmonella species
the primary mode of action of nonionizing radiation is to
make pyrimidine dimers
the most versatile method of sterilizing heat-sensitive liquids is
filtration
the correct sequence, from least to most resistant
enveloped viruses, protozoan cysts, bacterial endospores,
sterilization
process that destroys or removes all viable microorganisms (including viruses).
-ex: heat (autoclave), & sterilants (chemical agents capable of destroying endospores).
disinfection
- physical process or a chemical agent to destroy vegitative pathogens but not bacterial endospores.
- removes harmful products of microorganisms (toxins) from material
- ex: bleach, iodine, & heat (boiling)
decontamination/sanitization
- cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms as well as other debris to reduce contamination to safe levels
- ex: soaps, detergents, & commercial dishwashers
antisepsis/degermination
- chemicals applied to body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens
- reduces the # of microbes on the human skin
- a form of decontamination but on living tissues
- ex: alcohol & surgical hand scrubs
name 4 categories of cellular targets for physical & chemical agents
- cell wall
- cytoplasmic membrane
- cellular synthesis
- proteins
moist heat methods
boiling water: disinfection. useful in the home for: - disinfectants of water -materials for babies -food & utensils -bedding -clothing from the sickroom
(moist heat method) Pasteurization
disinfection of beverages. technique where heat is applied to liquids to kill potential agents of infection & spoilage, while at the same time retaining the liquid’s flavor and food value.
examples: milk, wine beer, & other beverages
steam under pressure: autoclaving. examples
- heat-resistant materials such as glassware,
- cloth (surgical dressings)
- metalllic instruments
- liquis
- paper
- some media
- some heat-resistant plastics.
when would using the autoclave be ineffective
sterilizing substances that repel moisture (oils, waxes), or for those that are harmed by it (powders).
dry heat methods: incineration examples
- bunsen burners/ small incinerators: laboratory instruments such as inoculating loops.
- large incinerators: syringes, needles, culture materials, dressings, bandages, bedding, animal carcasses, and pathology samples.
(dry heat method) The hot-air oven
dry-heat sterilization
- glassware
- metallic instruments
- powders & oils that steam does NOT penetrate well.
what is the hot-air oven dry heat method not suitable for
-plastics
-cotton
-paper
which may burn at the high temps, or for liquids, which will evaporate
