Chapter 9: Sleep Part 2

Question 1

What does the evolutionary (circadian) theory propose?

Answer 1

Sleep evolved to enhance survival by protecting an organism by making it inactive during the part of the day when it is most risky or dangerous to move about.

Question 2

What does the circadian sleep-wake cycle help ensure?

Answer 2

That lifestyle and activity are synchronised with day-night.

1. Night time is dangerous for humans
2. Being inactive during this time aids our survival as we are less likely to be eaten

Question 3

List some limitations of the restoration theory:

Answer 3

• No conclusive cause-effect way to determine what is restored during sleep and not at any other time.
• More active people do not actually sleep longer since the amount of sleep does not necessarily change based on daily activity.
• If restoration was the only function of sleep we would expect a physically inactive/disabled person to sleep less than a physically active person.

Question 4

List some limitations of the evolutionary (circadian) theory:

Answer 4

• Does not explain our need for sleep since we must sleep despite dangers due to sleep.
• No account for the loss of awareness or alertness during sleep.

Question 5

What is the total amount of time newborns (birth - 3 months) spend asleep?

Answer 5

16 hrs

Question 6

What is the total amount of time infants (3 months - 2 yrs) spend asleep?

Answer 6

12-13 hrs

Question 7

What is the total amount of time children (2-13 yrs) spend asleep?

Answer 7

11 hrs

Question 8

What is the total amount of time adolescents (14-18 yrs) spend asleep?

Answer 8

10-8.5 hrs

Question 9

What is the total amount of time adults (19-60 yrs) spend asleep?

Answer 9

8 hrs

Question 10

What is the total amount of time the elderly (60+ yrs) spend asleep?

Answer 10

6 hrs

Question 11

What percentage of sleep time do newborns (birth - 3 months) spend in REM and NREM?

Answer 11

• REM = 40%

- NREM = 50%

Question 12

What percentage of sleep time do infants (3 months - 2 yrs) spend in REM and NREM?

Answer 12

• REM = 36-40%

- NREM = 60-70%

Question 13

What percentage of sleep time do children (2-13 yrs) spend in REM and NREM?

Answer 13

• REM = 18.5-20%

- NREM = 80-81.5%

Question 14

What percentage of sleep time do adolescents (14-18 yrs) spend in REM and NREM?

Answer 14

• REM = 18.5-20%

- NREM = 80-81.5%

Question 15

What percentage of sleep time do adults (19-60 yrs)spend in REM and NREM?

Answer 15

• REM = 20-25%

- NREM = 75-80%

Question 16

What percentage of sleep time do the elderly (60+ yrs) spend in REM and NREM?

Answer 16

• REM = 20-25%

- NREM = 75-80%