Chapter One

Question 1

What is an atom

Answer 1

Smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance

Question 2

What is a molecule

Answer 2

A grp of joined atoms

Question 3

What is an organelle

Answer 3

Membrane bound structure that has a specific function in a cell

Question 4

What is a cell

Answer 4

The fundamental unit of life ( uni or multicellular )

Question 5

What is a tissue

Answer 5

A collection of specialised cells that function in a co ordinated fashion

Question 6

What is an organ

Answer 6

A structure consisting of tissues organised to interact and carry out specific functions

Question 7

What is an organism

Answer 7

A single living individual

Question 8

What is an organ system

Answer 8

Organs connected physically or chemically that function together

Question 9

What is a population

Answer 9

A grp of the same species of organisms living in the same place at the same time

Question 10

What is a community

Answer 10

Populations of different specifies that occupies the same region at the same time

Question 11

What is an ecosystem

Answer 11

The living and non-living components of the area

Question 12

Explain metabolism

Answer 12

• Countless chemical reactions that sustain life
• Allow organisms to acquire and use energy and nutrients to build new structures and repair old ones and produce

Question 13

Explain autotrophs; heterotrophs and decomposers

Answer 13

• Make their own food by extracting energy and nutrients from non-living sources
• Obtain energy and nutrients by eating other organisms, living or dead
• Heterotrophs that absorb energy and nutrients from wastes or dead organisms

Question 14

How is an internal environment constant

Answer 14

• Must remain at a certain temp, too hot or cold = death
• Cell must take in nutrients; excrete waste and regulate its many chemical reactions to prevent a shortage or surplus of essential substances

Question 15

What is homeostasis

Answer 15

The state of internal constancy

Question 16

Explain how life reproduces; grows and develops

Answer 16

• They reproduce = make other organisms
• Reprod = transports DNA from one generation to the next
• Two types of repro = asexually
  
  • Genetic info come from one parent and all offspring are virtually identical
• Sexually
  
  • Genetic traits are obtained from both parents uniting = new combo of inherited traits
    
    • very successful repro and common among plants; fungi and animals

Question 17

Explain how life evolves

Answer 17

• Life ensures organisms are well suited for their environment

Question 18

Explain adaption fully

Answer 18

• Inherited characteristic or behaviour that enables an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment
• Those with the best adaptions will outcompete the others and live the longest

Question 19

What are the 5 characteristics that constitute life

Answer 19

• Organisation
• Energy use
• Maintenance of internal consistency
• Reproduction; growth and development
• Evolution

Question 20

What is taxonomy

Answer 20

The science of branching and classifying organisms

Question 21

What is a species

Answer 21

The basic unit of classification which designates a distinctive type of organism

Question 22

What is a genus

Answer 22

Closely related species are grouped into the same genus

Question 23

The more recently diverged from a common ancestor…

Answer 23

The more closely related they are presumed to be

Question 24

What is the broadest taxonomic category

Answer 24

The Domain

Question 25

explain The Domain fully

Answer 25

There are 3 types : 1. Domain Archea 2. Domain Bacteria - These 2 are prokaryotes and are mostly unicellular ( a single cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles ) 3. Domain Eurkarya - This is a eukaryote and are uni or multicellular ( organism composed of one or more cells containnng a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles )

Question 26

What does Genetic evidence suggest

Answer 26

All species fall into one of these 3 domains

Question 27

What are the kingdoms of Eukarya

Answer 27

Kingdom : - Protista - Animalia - Fungi - Plantae

Question 28

What is a scientific method

Answer 28

- General way of using evidence to answer questions and test ideas - Combines thinking; detective work; collaborations; learning from mistakes and noticing connections

Question 29

What does a scientific method begin with

Answer 29

- Observations and asking questions - Rely on all senses

Question 30

What is a hypothesis and prediction

Answer 30

- A tentative explanation for 1 or more explanations - must be a way to collect data that can support or reject it - becomes widely accepted when multiple lines of evidence support it - An anticipated outcome of the test of a hypothesis - written as an if statement

Question 31

What is a sample size and variables

Answer 31

- How big the testing grp is - A changeable element of an experiment

Question 32

What is the difference between an independent and dependant variable

Answer 32

1. The factor the investigator manipulates to determine whether it causes another variable to change 2. Any response that might depend on the value of the independent variable

Question 33

What is the standardised variable

Answer 33

- Anything the investigator holds constant for all subjects in the experiment, ensuring the best chances of detecting the effect of the independent variables

Question 34

What is the control

Answer 34

- Provides the basis for comparison in measuring the effect of the independent variable