basic meaning of a number
position = position from right starting at 0 digit = number in that position
add each digit*base^position
0x0
0000
0x1
0001
0x2
0010
0x3
0011
0x4
0100
0x5
0101
0x6
0110
0x7
0111
0x8
1000
0x9
1001
0xA
1010
0xB
1011
0xC
1100
0xD
1101
0xE
1110
0xF
1111
bit
one single binary value
nibble
group of 4 bits; single hexadecimal digit
byte
group of 8 bits; 2 nibbles
ASCII
coding for letters. each letter is represented by 2 bytes
converting binary to hexadecimal
translate each group of 4 bits and concatenate