AP Euro Post-Review > Chapters 13 & 14 > Flashcards

Chapters 13 & 14 Flashcards

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0
Q

Reasons for Dutch economic prosperity

A

Urbanism, Agriculture, Shipbuilding, Overseas Commercial Empire

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1
Q

Emergence of the Netherlands as a Nation

Religious Characteristics

Contemporary Impressions of Dutch Society

Governmental System

A

1581: United Provinces of the Netherlands

Toleration

Everyone

Republic

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2
Q

Who was William III of Orange in the Netherlands?

A

The stadholder of Holland

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3
Q

Two most important models of European Political Organization?

A

Absolute Monarchy & Parliamentary Monarchy

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4
Q

Characteristics of Absolute Rule (2)

A

Strong financial base + fully independent

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5
Q

James I

  • first…
  • son of…
  • religion? sympathies?
  • when did he call Parliament?
A

Stuart Monarch
Mary Queen of Scots
Protestant, Catholic sympathies
Only when he absolutely had to

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6
Q

Reasons for Suspicion of James I’s foreign policy

A

reflected pro-catholic sentiments

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7
Q

Charles I’s extra-parliamentary measures

A

levies new taxes, quarters troops in private homes

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8
Q

The Petition of Right

A

states that Charles I needs Parliamentary permission before he can impose new taxes

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9
Q

Consequences of the religious policies of Charles I

A

Bishops Wars

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10
Q

Long Parliament

  • years
  • first thing
  • big thing
A

1640-1660
Executes Charles I’s chief advisors: Laudy & Stafford
Trienial Act

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11
Q

English Civil War

  • Years
  • Who changed the tide
  • Ends with.. (2)
A

1642-1646
Oliver Cromwell
Execution of Charles and the Republic of the Commonwealth

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12
Q

England under Oliver Cromwell

  • his name & type of government
  • religion
A

“lord protector”
military dictatorship
puritan

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13
Q

3 things England wanted to restore after Oliver Cromwell

A

Monarchy
House of Lords
Anglican Church

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14
Q

Treaty of Dover

  • alliance with who?
  • secret part
A

Charles II + France against the Netherlands

He’ll convert to catholicism when the time is right

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15
Q

Test Act

  • requires all personnel to..
  • particularly directed at
A

Swear an oath against Transubstantiation

James, Charles’ brother

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16
Q

The Popish Plot

  • who masterminded
  • the lie
A

Titus Oates

Charles II’s wife is plotting with the Jesuits and the Irish to kill him

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17
Q

Declaration of Indulgence of 1687

  • who initiated
  • permitted what
A

James II

Free worship to protestants

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18
Q

The Glorious Revolution

  • Year
  • Who is deposed
  • Who is the new monarch
A

1688
James II
William and Mary

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19
Q

Act of Settlement of 1701
passed by
contents

A

Passed by William and Mary

English Crown will go to Hanovers of Germany

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20
Q

Act of Union of 1707
passed by
what it does

A

Anne Stuart

Unites England and Scotland into the United Kingdom

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21
Q

Robert Walpole was the first..

A

Prime Minister

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22
Q

Cardinal Armand Rechelieu

  • imposed what
  • result
  • groomed who
A

heavy handed centralization
Fronde
Mazarin

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23
Q

Louis XIV

  • reign:
  • significance of Versailles
  • Religious Act
  • Symbolism
A

72 Years
Required nobles to be dependent on him
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Sun King

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24
Religious Policies of Louis XIV - belief - influence
political stability was all about religious conformity | Madame de Montenoit
25
Jansenists | -what and against who
Radical Catholic Group against Jesuits
26
Result of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
France becomes the symbol for religious repression and an enemy of protestants
27
Finance Minister of Louis XIV - who - allowed what
Jean-Baptiste Colbert | Conquering Scotland and Ireland
28
Wars fought during Louis XIV's reign
War of Devolution Franco Dutch Nine Years War War of Spanish Succession
29
War of Spanish Succession - Alliance formed in opposition - Spanish Netherlands - ?
Grand Alliance | Austrian Netherlands
30
France after Louis XIV
bankrupt and no longer as centralized
31
Economic beliefs of John Law
an increase in paper money would stimulate France's economy
32
17th c. Central and Eastern Europe - type of economy - continuous... - geographical expansion?
agrarian warfare no
33
Dynasties of Central and Eastern Europe
Austrian Hapsburgs Hohenzollerns (Prussia) Romanovs (Russia)
34
17th & 18th c. Poland - centralized? - what kind of monarchy? - name of legislative body
no elective sjem
35
Rulers of Prussia 1. (1640-1688) - 2. (1688-1713) - 3. (1713-1740) - 4. (1740-1786) -
Frederick William - "great elector" Frederick I - first King of Prussia Frederick William I - "soldier king" Frederick II - "the great" - begins Austria vs. Prussia
36
Aftermath of Ivan IV in Russia - aka - govt. strength?
Time of Troubles | Weak
37
Great Northern War - Years - against who for what - who wins
1700-1721 Against Sweden for Baltic Sea Access (& warm water port) Russia
38
what was St. Petersburg?
new capital
39
Reforms of Peter the Great and their purpose 1. 2. 3.
1. 8 Administrative Colleges 2. Table of Ranks 3. Holy Synod
40
What was the most important thing about the legacy of Peter the Great?
He made Russia Relevant
41
Galileo's views on how nature should be understood and explained
mathematically
42
5 17th c. scientist
``` Copernicus Brahe Kepler Galileo Newton ```
43
Ptolemaic view of the universe: Copernican view: Tychonic view:
P. geocentrism C. heliocentrism T. geoheliocentrism
44
Copernicus' contribution to the Scientific Revolution
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
45
Tycho Brahe's contributions to the Sci. Rev.
Astronomical Data
46
Johannes Kepler's contributions to the sci. rev.
Elliptical Orbits
47
Isaac Newton's 3 contributions to the sci. rev. | + book
Universal Gravitation 3 Laws of Motion Empiricism Principia Mathematica
48
3 Literary Works of Galileo
Starry Messenger, Letters on Sunspots, Dialogue of the 2 Chief World Systems
49
Mechanism: associated with what object
a watch
50
Francis Bacon & his contributions to scientific inquiry - the thing we use everyday - men of... - literary work
Inductive Reasoning Men of Experiment and Men of Dogma Novum Organum
51
what were the 2 things associated with Cartesian Dualism?
Thinking things and things that occupy space
52
Francis Bacon figured that if we are going to use our brains to figure stuff out, what should it be about?
bettering mankind
53
Thomas Hobbes - pessimistic or optomistic? - literary work - favored form of government - social contract
Pessimistic Leviathan Absolutism People give up their rights, King provides protection
54
John Locke - pessimistic or optomistic? - literary works (3) - views on people and their rights
optomistic Two Treatises of Government, Letter Concerning Toleration, Essay Concerning Human Understanding People had 3 rights: life liberty and property, if they weren't protected, they could revolt
55
Maria Winkelmann's field of study
astronomy
56
Subject of Margaret Cavendish's "Observations upon experimental philosophy"
too much excitement about experimental instruments than the actual science
57
Movement of the 18th c. influenced by new science
Age of Enlightenment
58
Trial of Galileo - quintessential example of - he ended up..
conflict between science and religon | recanting
59
Blaise Pascal - literary work - views on God and mankind - religious affiliation - opposition to groups of people
Pensees there is a god, and all humans are unworthy Jansenist Dogmatists for not teaching the right thing, skeptics for not believing
60
Pascal's famous wager
take a leap of faith | if there is a god, cool, you'll be in good standing when you die, if there isn't, you've got nothing to lose
61
physical-theology | -deducting what from what
deducting religious thought from observing nature
62
Causes of Witchhunts
disruptions by religious division misogyny clergy emphasized high and low magic
63
results of witchhunts
70-100,000 killed
64
targets of witchcraft
old single women
65
reasons for end of witchhunts
rational thought with new science
66
Emergence of Baroque Art
Rome, Catholic Counter-Reformation
67
In Baroque Art, subjects are depicted as...
naturalistic
68
Main artist of baroque painting
peter paul rubens
69
monument of baroque art
versailles
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