Chapters 21 & 22

Question 1

What is the geocentric view?

Answer 1

Earth-Centered

Question 2

What is the heliocentric view?

Answer 2

Sun-Centered

Question 3

Who is Nicolaus Copernicus, and what did he do?

Answer 3

• Mathmetition

- Came up with the heliocentric view.

Question 4

Who is Johannes Kapler and what did he do?

Answer 4

• Mathmetition

- Confirmed heliocentric view

Question 5

Who is Galileo Galile, and what did he do?

Answer 5

• Mathmetition
• Published Starry Messenger
• Observations with telescope

Question 6

Who is Issac Newton, and what did he do?

Answer 6

• Mathmetition
• 3 Laws of Motion
• Created Calculus

Question 7

Who is William Harvey, and what did he do?

Answer 7

• Human Anatomy

- Showed heart was the beginning of blood circulation

Question 8

Who is Andreus Vesalius, and what did he do?

Answer 8

• Human Anatomy

- Described individual organs

Question 9

Who is Antoine Lavioser, and what did he do?

Answer 9

• Chemist

- Invented periodic table

Question 10

Who is Margaret Cavendish, and what did she do?

Answer 10

• Philosopher

- Believed humans were masters of nature

Question 11

Who is Maria Winkleman, and what did she do?

Answer 11

• Astronomy

- Discovered a comet

Question 12

Who is Rene Descartes and what did he/she do?

Answer 12

• Philosopher

- Combined philosophy & science

Question 13

What is the Scientific Method?

Answer 13

Systematic procedure for analyzing reserch

Question 14

What are the major ideas of Enlightenment? (8)

Answer 14

1) Reason
2) Deism
3) Social Contract
4) Reason
5) Woman’s Rights
6) Natural Law
7) Lassez-Faire
8) Separation of Power

Question 15

What is separation of powers?

Answer 15

The different powers of the government limit and control each other in a system of checks and balances

Question 16

What is Laissez-Faire?

Answer 16

Means “to let people do what they want”

Question 17

What is Enlightened Absolutism?

Answer 17

System in which rulers tried to govern by enlightenment principles, while maintaining full power

Question 18

Who was the 7 years war originally fought over?

Answer 18

Prussia vs. Austria

Question 19

Why was the 7 years war fought?

Answer 19

Fought over Austria Silesia

Question 20

Who first joins Prussia in the 7 years war?

Answer 20

France

Question 21

Who first joins Austria in the 7 years war?

Answer 21

Great Britain

Question 22

What treaty was made in 1748 during the 7 years war?

Answer 22

Aix-la-Chapelle

Question 23

What 2 countries switch sides after the treaty?

Answer 23

France and Great Britian

Question 24

What 3 countries did battles take place during the 7 years war?

Answer 24

1) Europe
2) India
3) North America

Question 25

What treaty made in 1763 that granted all European lands back and force the French out of India?

Answer 25

Treaty of Paris

Question 26

What was the major cause of the American revolution?

Answer 26

- Colonists unhappy with Britain | * High taxes because of 7 years war

Question 27

What did the colonists set up because of their anger toward Britian?

Answer 27

Continental Congress

Question 28

What was set up that the constitution would later replace?

Answer 28

Article of Confederation

Question 29

Why did the Article of Confederation fail?

Answer 29

- Weak gov. | - Unable to deal with the nation's problems

Question 30

When is the constitution adopted?

Answer 30

1787

Question 31

What is the Bill of Rights?

Answer 31

First 10 amendments of constitution

Question 32

Who was in the 1st French Estate?

Answer 32

- Clergy | - Powerful & wealthy

Question 33

Who was in the 2nd French Estate?

Answer 33

- Nobles | * High gov. positions

Question 34

Who was in the 3rd French Estate?

Answer 34

-Very Poor

Question 35

Who is Louis XVI?

Answer 35

- French King | - Marries Marie Antoinette (Austrian)

Question 36

What is the meeting of the Estates General?

Answer 36

- Each estate meets and votes on issues | - 3rd estate always got voted out

Question 37

What is the National Assembly?

Answer 37

- 3rd estate who disobeys Louis XVI | - Wants a Constitution

Question 38

What is the declaration of Rights of Man?

Answer 38

- Freedom - Gov. - Role - Equality

Question 39

What year constitution sets up a limited monarchy with a legislative assembly?

Answer 39

1791

Question 40

What changes took place during the reign of terror?

Answer 40

- De-Christianization - Education - Abolishment of slavery

Question 41

Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?

Answer 41

- Overthrows the Directory - Creates military dictatorship - Military success - Peace w/ Catholic Church - Created Napoleonic code - Shut down newspapers & banned books

Question 42

What is the scorched earth policy?

Answer 42

Military strategy where armies burn villages and crops so the army coming through will not have any place to stay, and no food to eat

Question 43

What is the Congress of Vienna?

Answer 43

- Redrew European territorial boundries | * Purpose to create balance of power

Question 44

What is legitimacy?

Answer 44

-Restoring rightful royal families