1
Q
use of petitions: the first petition: when
A
1839
2
Q
use of petitions: the first petition: who
A
1838 thomas attwood of the BPU created a petition based on the peoples’ charter
- by may 1839 it had 1.2 million signatures
3
Q
use of petitions: the first petition: how many signatures
A
1.2 million
4
Q
use of petitions: the first petition: what to do if rejected
A
- a national chartist convention was formed in february 1839 to discuss this
- strike was mostly the suggestion
- discussed a “sacred month” (general strike) but this fell through and gov arrested many
5
Q
use of petitions: the first petition: rejection in parliament
A
- 235 votes to 46
6
Q
use of petitions: the first petition: how many troops did gov send to arrest chartists at this event
A
6 000
7
Q
use of petitions: the second petition: when was there a recession
A
- 1841-42
- reinvigorating their cause
8
Q
use of petitions: the second petition: how many signatures on the second petition
A
- 3.3 million
9
Q
use of petitions: the second petition: rejection
A
287 votes to 49
10
Q
use of petitions: the second petition: when
A
1842
11
Q
use of petitions: the third petition: when
A
1848
12
Q
use of petitions: the third petition: depression
A
- end of the 1840s
- unemployment had increased dramatically
13
Q
use of petitions: the third petition: who was o’connor
A
- MP of nottingham 1847
14
Q
use of petitions: the third petition: what revolution increased confidence of the chartists
A
- 1848 french revolution
- chartists organised an open air rally on kennington common london in april 1848
15
Q
use of petitions: the third petition: gov reaction of fear of revolution spreading
A
- banned chartists’ march to westminster
16
Q
use of petitions: the third petition: how many signatures
A
- 5.7 million signatures
- however only 2 million were real
17
Q
use of petitions: the third petition: what did the duke of wellington do
A
- put in charge of defence of capital
- created 150 000 new “special constables”
- and 8000 new soldiers
18
Q
use of violence: the Newport rising: when
A
1839
19
Q
use of violence: the Newport rising: south wales
A
- centre industrialisation due to coal and iron industries
- bad living and working conditions
- so much support for chartists and radicla groups
20
Q
use of violence: the Newport rising: what happened on 3-4th of novemebr 1839
A
- thousands of armed ironworkers and miners marched into newport to the westgate hotel
- where it was believed chartist prisoners were being held
21
Q
use of violence: the Newport rising: soldiers response
A
- read riot act
- killed 20 chartists
- wounded 50
22
Q
use of violence: the Newport rising: results
A
- leaders were arrested and transported
- lovett and o’connor imprisoned
23
Q
use of violence: the plug riots: when
A
1842
24
Q
use of violence: the plug riots: how many workers went on strike
A
- 500 000
- across lancashire, cheshire, yorkshire
25
use of violence: the plug riots: what did they do
- strike
- removed plugs from factory boilers
26
use of violence: the plug riots: how many counties were affected
- by september 1842
- 15 english and welsh counties and 8 scottish counites were affected
27
use of violence: the plug riots: not a chartist protest
- chartists were involved but not a chartist protest
- didnt stop Peel from arresting 1000 chartists who were involved
28
use of violence: the plug riots: outcome
- lull inrpotests in august
-> following good harvests
-> gov agreed to cancel wage reductions
29
political organisations: the national charter association (NCA): following what
failure of first petition
30
political organisations: the national charter association (NCA): belief
- a permanent central organisation financed by subscription would encourage more working class people to join
- was the backbone for the chartists movement for the next 12 years
31
political organisations: the national charter association (NCA): formed
- manchester
- july 1840
32
political organisations: the national charter association (NCA): how many branches
- april 1842 there were 401 branches and 50 000 members
- end of 1842 there were 70 000 members
33
political organisations: the national charter association (NCA): links to other protest groups
- modelled on trade union structure
- tentative links with other protest groups such as anti corn law league
-> but anti corn law league were concerned about "physical force" chartists such as o'connor
34
political organisations: the national charter association (NCA): why it failed
- lack of money
- most supporters couldn't afford subscription
-> so executive committee were poorly paid and didn't have resources to do their jobs efficiently
35
political organisations: the complete suffrage union (CSU): formed
- 1842 by josehp sturge (had been member of BPU)
36
political organisations: the complete suffrage union (CSU): aim
- gain support from middle class dissenters who wanted religious equality, free trade and democratic franchise
- encourage greater cooperation between chartism and the anti corn law league
37
political organisations: the complete suffrage union (CSU): who also supported it
- "moral force" chartists (dislikers of violence of o'connor)
38
political organisations: the complete suffrage union (CSU): how many branches
by april 1842 there were over 50 branches
39
political organisations: the complete suffrage union (CSU): why was collaboration between chartists and the anti corn law laegue strained
- many chartists believed that if the corn law was abolished (which kept the price of bread high) landowners would then reduce wages
-> chartists wanted controlled wages to ensure this wouldn't happen
- plus attacks by O'Connor
40
political organisations: the complete suffrage union (CSU): lasted
not beyond 1842
41
other areas of chartist activity: education: who stressed link between chartism and education
- william lovett and john collins
- this shifted the strategy of the chartists following failures of 1839 and 1842 something known as the "new move"
42
other areas of chartist activity: education: new move
- emphasised education by setting up schools for working class children
- temperance by avoiding alcohol
- christianity by setting up chartist churhces and sunday school
- cooperating witht eh middle classes
43
other areas of chartist activity: education: what happened to lovett
forced out by o'connor in 1843 due to this
44
other areas of chartist activity: education: what else did lovett do
- set up national association of the UK for promoting the social and political improvement of the people (NAPIP) in 1841
-> survived until 1849
->> but membership never exceeded 500
45
other areas of chartist activity: christian chartism and local gov: where did it develop
- scotland
46
other areas of chartist activity: christian chartism and local gov: what did it do
- stressing link between god and religious freedom
47
other areas of chartist activity: the land plan: who developed this plan
0'connor
48
other areas of chartist activity: the land plan: what was it
- aimed to ease unemployment problems and imrpove the lives of workers
49
other areas of chartist activity: the land plan: price of shares
- 3d per week
- money was used to purchase land which was divided into smallholdings
- shareholders could then rent the land through the chartist cooperative land society formed in 1845
50
other areas of chartist activity: the land plan: what would each family be given
- 4 acre plot
- a cottgae
- annual rent of £1 5s a year
51
other areas of chartist activity: the land plan: how many people got allotments
- 250
- despite £100 000 collected from 70 000 subscribers
52
other areas of chartist activity: the land plan: failures
- o'connor was investigates for financial irregularites - but was cleared
- most particpants left penniless
- process ended by 1851
- some did survive such as charterville in oxfordshire
53
why did Chartism fail: the attitude of parliament: what was the common feeling
- that popular pressure had forced the gov to bring about reform 1830-32 so similar pressure could work in the future
54
why did Chartism fail: the attitude of parliament: why might the three petitions have failed
- parliament felt change had already occurred
-> not prepared to do so again
55
why did Chartism fail: the attitude of parliament: what did earl grey warn against
- pressure from groups in britain for change that was not "stictly necessary" and against change that wasn't strictly regulated
56
why did Chartism fail: divisions among the leadership: what were the two opposing attitudes among the chartists
moral force and physical force
57
why did Chartism fail: divisions among the leadership: what did moral force chartists emphasise
- non-violent protest
- education adn cooperation with groups such as anti corn law league
- led by lovett and place
58
why did Chartism fail: divisions among the leadership: what did physical force chartists emphasise
- armed struggles
- the newport rising and plug riots were the high points of this attitude
59
why did Chartism fail: divisions among the leadership: what was the third attitude
- o'connor
- he threatened violence but remained within the law
- he delivered speeches and wrote for the northern star newspaper
- he convinced many chartists to follow his approach and divided the rest
60
why did Chartism fail: regional differences: where was chartism strognest
- north
- wanted to win the capital
- few examples of coordinated action among the country
61
why did Chartism fail: regional differences: what did o'connor control
- the northern chartists and ecnouraged violence by the complete suffrage union and moral force chartism
62
why did Chartism fail: regional differences: where was christian chartism spread
scotland
63
why did Chartism fail: regional differences: what was the effect of regional differences
gov could divide and rule successfully
64
why did Chartism fail: strength of the British state: what was the political system following reform act
relatively stable
- army and police loyal to gov
65
why did Chartism fail: strength of the British state: what did the rural police act do
- ensure nationwide police force was able to deal with discontent
66
why did Chartism fail: strength of the British state: when was the rural police act
1839
67
why did Chartism fail: strength of the British state: how many soliders at kennington common demonstration
- 7000 soldiers
- 4000 police
- 85 000 special constables
68
why did Chartism fail: strength of the British state: what was used to move troops around country where necessary
new railway system
69
why did Chartism fail: lack of middle class support: why did majority not support
threat of physical force
70
why did Chartism fail: lack of middle class support: what did the middle class supprot
anti corn law league
71
why did Chartism fail: success of Peel's reforms: what did chartism's popularity grow with
- economic crises
- so their message faltered with a series of well-considered laws
-> eg mines act repeal of corn laws
72
why did Chartism fail: success of Peel's reforms: economic success
- boom in mid-victorian times
- wages rose, food consumption increased
- living standards improved
--> reduced support
Britain history
flashcards
Decks in class (26)
# Cards
-
what was the slave trade22
-
the importance of humantiarian campaigns and the influence of religion10
-
the scoeity for effecting the abolition fo teh slave trade21
-
the significance of economic and financial factors40
-
the changin political climate including the fear of slave resistance71
-
the significance of individuals40
-
remember to look at britain textbook history for more facts on evangelicals specifically before SSEs0
-
Other Reasons For Abition25
-
the impact of industrialisation67
-
diversity of economic regions, the growth of industrial towns and cities43
-
Urban Areas45
-
Impact Of Factory Reform61
-
the changing nature and effectiveness of industrial protest9
-
the significance of Luddism and the swing riots26
-
reforms affecting living conditions 1848-7018
-
Pre Reform Electorate, Parliamentary Seats And Election21
-
Demand For Reform 1800 - 182047
-
how did the government respond to the calls for reform32
-
why did protest and demands for reform increase from 181521
-
what were the main forms of protest43
-
economic and social distress and popular pressure 1820-3224
-
the political demands of the manufacturing interest3
-
Reasons for the passing of the Great Reform Act 183262
-
the significance of the great reform act 183224
-
chartist demands14
-
chartist failures72
