1
Q
What is not an effect on the hydrogenation of vegetable oil? A.) Prolonged shelf life B.) Destruction of essential fatty acids C.) Lower melting point D.) Decreased iodine #
A
Lower melting point
2
Q
Which is a branch chain amino acid? A.) Leucine B.) Phenylalanine C.) Tyrosine D.) Tryptophan
A
Leucine
3
Q
What substance supplies the main fuel to the brain? A.) Fat B.) Glucose C.) Proteins D.) Ketones
A
Glucose
4
Q
Which of the following is not a ketone? A.) Acetoacetate B.) Beta hydroxybuyric acid C.) Mevalonate D.) Acetone
A
Beta hydroxybuyric acid
5
Q
What is the quickest to become rancid? A.) Butter B.) Fat C.) Coconut oil D.) Olive oil
A
Olive oil
6
Q
Which of the following is a precursor to prostaglandins? A.) Ecosanoids B.) Triacylglycerols C.) Steroids D.) Glycolipids
A
Ecosanoids
7
Q
What type of bond holds DNA strands together? A.) Ester B.) H C.) Peptide D.) S
A
H
8
Q
Which of the following is a pyrimidine? A.) Guanine B.) Alanine C.) Adenine D.) Uracil
A
Uracil
9
Q
Anaerobic Glycolysis yields how many ATP? A.) 0 B.) 8 C.) 6 D.) 2
A
2
10
Q
Which vitamin is required for the uptake of Lipoproteins in the intestines? A.) C B.) B1 C.) B5 D.) K
A
K
11
Q
A deficiency of HMG CO-A will result in which of the following? A.) Decrease fat synthesis B.) Increased fat synthesis C.) Increased cholesterol synthesis D.) Decrease cholesterol synthesis
A
Decrease cholesterol synthesis
12
Q
Which of the following minerals is an antioxidant? A.) Copper B.) Magnesium C.) Selenium D.) Chromium
A
Selenium
13
Q
Which is the most active form of vitamin D? A.) 1, 25 Dehydroxycalciferol B.) Ergocalciferol C.) 25 Hydroxycalciferol D.) HMG CoA
A
1, 25 Dehydroxycalciferol
14
Q
Which of the following compounds is a component of NADH & NADPH? A.) Pyroxidonine B.) Ribflavin C.) Niacin D.) Biotin
A
Niacin
15
Q
Which of the following states produces the most fatty acids? A.) Starvation B.) High protein diet C.) High carbohydrate diet D.) High fat diet
A
High carbohydrate diet
16
Q
The build-up of cholesterol will inhibit? A.) Biotin B.) Niacin C.) Phosphofructokinase D.) HMG CoA reductase
A
HMG CoA reductase
17
Q
In fatty acid biosynthesis, which of the following requires NADPH? A.) Ketoacyl synthase B.) Ketoacyl reductase C.) Hydratase D.) Acetyl CoA dehydrogenase
A
Ketoacyl reductase
18
Q
Which provides nicotinamide? A.) Lysine B.) Methionine C.) Serotonin D.) Glycine
A
Serotonin
19
Q
Most cells can rapidly synthesize aspartate from? A.) Malate B.) Oxaloacetate C.) Citrulline D.) Pyruvate
A
Oxaloacetate
20
Q
What depicts reverse transcription? A.) RNA to RNA B.) DNA to RNA C.) DNA to DNA D.) RNA to DNA
A
RNA to DNA
21
Q
What cycle contains coenzyme Q? A.) Glycolysis B.) TCA C.) Urea Cycle D.) Electron transport chain
A
Electron transport chain
22
Q
What are components of triglycerides? A.) Cholesterol and Fatty Acids B.) Cholesterol and Phospholipids C.) Fatty acids and Phospholipids D.) Fatty acids and glycerol
A
Fatty acids and glycerol
23
Q
Which of t eh following has a non-polar side? A.) Asparagines B.) Alanine C.) Glutamine D.) Serine
A
Alanine
24
Q
Oxidation of FA yielding CO2 & H2O going through beta oxidation goes through? A.) TCA & Gluconeogenesis B.) TCA & Glycolysis C.) Pentose phosphate pathway & TCA D.) TCA & Electron transport train
A
TCA & Electron transport chain
25
```
Following the action of lipoprotein lipase the very low density lipoprotein remnant becomes?
A.) Free fatty acid
B.) High density lipoprotein
C.) Low density lipoprotein
D.) All of the above
```
Low density lipoprotein
26
```
Which is the regulation enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis?
A.) Xanthine oxidase
B.) Phosphofructokinase
C.) Lipoprotein lipase
D.) HMG CoA reductase
```
HMG CoA reductase
27
```
Due to liver storage and enteropathic recycling sings of a deficiency of what vitamin may not be visible for 5-6 years?
A.) B12
B.) B2
C.) B6
D.) B1
```
B12
28
```
Which of the following is a negative allosteric inhibitor?
A.) ADP
B.) Inorganic phosphate
C.) ATP
D.) AMP
```
ATP
29
```
Which of the following is not a natural triglyceride, but is present in hydrogenated triglycerides?
A.) Trans-proteins
B.) Cis-fatty acids
C.) Trans-fatty acids
D.) Cis-proteins
```
Trans-fatty acids
30
```
Which of the following bonds are found in secondary protein structures?
A.) H
B.) Peptide
C.) S
D.) Ester
```
H
31
```
Which of the following is a precursor to melatonin?
A.) Lysine
B.) Phenylalanine
C.) Serotonin
D.) Niacin
```
Serotonin
32
```
What type of bonds are between amino acids?
A.) H
B.) S
C.) Peptide
D.) Amide
```
Peptide
33
```
Which is the best source of dietary vitamin C?
A.) Cereals and grain
B.) Broccoli and fruit
C.) Eggs and oil
D.) Pork
```
Broccoli and fruit
34
```
Which are pyrimidines?
A.) Adenine, guanine
B.) Guanine, cytosine
C.) Uracil, cytosine
D.) Thiamine, adenine
```
Uracil, cytosine
35
```
Which is the limiting amino acid in grains?
A.) Lucine
B.) Lysine
C.) Methionine
D.) Lysine
```
Lysine
36
```
A deficiency of vitamin B12 causes which kind of anemia?
A.) Hyperchromic
B.) Pernicious
C.) Hypochromic
D.) Microcytic
```
Pernicious
37
```
The most efficient amount of protein is in?
A.) Eggs
B.) Peanuts
C.) Beef
D.) Peas
```
Eggs
38
```
Which of the following is a major source of Ca in humans?
A.) Poultry
B.) Dairy products
C.) Fruit
D.) Grains & cereals
```
Dairy products
39
```
Ketones results from?
A.) Gluconeogenesis of amino acids
B.) Glycolysis of glucose
C.) Beta Oxidation
D.) Incomplete oxidation of fats
```
Incomplete oxidation of fats
40
```
Sucrose can be broken down to what and what?
A.) Glucose and Fructose
B.) Glucose and Maltose
C.) Glucose and Fructose
D.) Glucose and Glucose
```
Glucose and fructose
41
```
Glutamate transaminase & alanine transaminase both require?
A.) Thiamine
B.) Niacin
C.) Pyridoxine
D.) Cobalamin
```
Pyridoxine
42
```
Oxidation of fatty acids yielding CO2 & water through beta oxidation also goes through?
A.) HMP & Gluconeogenesis
B.) HMP shunt & TCA
C.) TCA & ETC
D.) TCA & Gluconeogenesis
```
TCA and ETC
43
```
If you ingest 200g of carbohydrates it will yield how many Kilocalories?
A.) 200
B.) 800
C.) 1200
D.) 100
```
800
44
```
Which is not a derivative of tyrosine?
A.) Thyroxine
B.) Serotonin
C.) Epinephrine
D.) Norepinephrine
```
Serotonin
45
```
Which of the following bonds are found in lipids?
A.) Peptide
B.) Ester
C.) Disulfide
D.) H
```
Ester
46
The reason that the TCA cycle cannot proceed under anaerobic conditions?
A.) Cannot perform substrate level phosphorylation
B.) There’s no seal available for ETC
C.) Cannot regenerate NADPH
D.) Cannot regenerate NAD and FAD w/o O2
Cannot regenerate NAD and FAD w/o O2
47
```
Which of the following enzymes is the apoenzyme of a holoenzyme?
A.) Minerals
B.) Carbohydrates
C.) Vitamins
D.) Proteins
```
Proteins
48
```
In the electron transport chain, what contains copper?
A.) Cytochrome B
B.) Cytochrome A3
C.) Cytochrome C
D.) Coenzyme Q
```
Cytochrome A3
49
Which of the following is a function of an enzyme?
A.) catalyse reaction ray product is converted to a substrate
B.) Consumed in reaction
C.) Decrease rate of reaction
D.) the activation energy
The activation energy
50
```
Which of the following pulls fatty acid across the mitochondrial membrane?
A.) Malate
B.) Carnitine
C.) Citrate
D.) Lysine
```
Carnitine
51
```
Which of the following vitamins are necessary for the maintenance of RBCs?
A.) B6
B.) B1
C.) B12 & Folic Acid
D.) B2
```
B12 & Folic Acid
52
tRNA is responsible for?
A.) Binds 2 DNA strands
B.) Information to the ribosomes
C.) Supplying amino acids to complete a specific protein chain
D.) Transcription of a code or protein production
Supplying amino acids to complete a specific protein chain
53
```
Acidic conditions in the liver as a result of alcoholism is due to build-up of?
A.) Acetate
B.) Beta hydroxybutyric acid
C.) Acid tone
D.) Acetoacetate
```
Acetate
54
```
What CHO has RNA as its major component?
A.) Fructose
B.) Glucose
C.) Alpha deoxyribose
D.) Ribose
```
Ribose
55
```
Glycogenesis with lipolysis but no protein synthesis will lead to?
A.) Starvation
B.) High-fat levels
C.) Being well fed
D.) glucose levels
```
Starvation
56
```
Glucose is higher in which of the following foods?
A.) Eggs
B.) Animal liver
C.) Soy
D.) Cereals
```
Cereals
57
```
Which is not part of an animal cell membrane?
A.) Phosphatidyl
B.) Eggs
C.) Cholesterol
D.) Tristeapisin
```
Tristeapisin
58
```
Which of the following vitamins is lethal in high doses?
A.) Vit B3
B.) Vit B6
C.) Vit C
D.) Vit D
```
Vit D
59
```
Which is an important adjunct in the absorption of glucose?
A.) Magnesium
B.) Selenium
C.) Zinc
D.) Chromium
```
Chromium
60
```
Which of the following is an important adjunct for glucose?
A.) Mg
B.) Copper
C.) Chromium
D.) Zn
```
Chromium
61
```
Extracellular ammonia is transported from skeletal muscle to the liver by?
A.) L-Ketoglutarate
B.) L-Alanine
C.) L-Glutamate
D.) L-Ornithine
```
L-Alanine
62
```
Which is lacking in the strict vegetarian’s diet?
A.) Vit D
B.) Ascorbic acid
C.) Cobalamin
D.) Tocopherol
```
Cobalamin
63
```
What enzyme issues for breakdown of glycogen?
A.) Hexokinase
B.) Glycogen phosphorylase
C.) Glucokinase
D.) Glycogen synthesis
```
Glycogen phosphorylase
64
```
Which is responsible for carboxylation reactions?
A.) Thiamine
B.) Pyridoxine
C.) Biotin
D.) ATP
```
Biotin
65
```
A 100Kg adult male requires approximately how many grams of dietary protein a day?
A.) 150
B.) 20
C.) 75
D.) 40
```
75
66
```
The most abundant polar compound of a cell membrane is?
A.) Cholesterol
B.) Fatty acid part of a phospholipid
C.) Glycoprotein
D.) Phosphate portion of phospholipid
```
Phosphate portion of phospholipid
67
```
To generate an unsaturated fatty acid a saturated fatty acid must undergo?
A.) Reduction
B.) Hydrogenation
C.) Deamination
D.) Oxidation
```
Reduction
68
```
As the density of lipoproteins is increased ________ decreases and ________ increases.
A.) Protein, Triacylglycerol
B.) Protein, sterol
C.) Triacylglycerol, sterol
D.) Triacylglycerol, proteins
```
Triacylglycerol, proteins
69
```
Which of the following is a purine?
A.) Uracil
B.) Cytosine
C.) Thymine
D.) Guanine
```
Guanine
70
```
What is an isomere of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?
A.) Glucose-6-phosphate
B.) Fructose-6-phosphate
C.) Pyruvate
D.) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
```
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
71
```
The source of NADPH for fatty acids synthesis is from?
A.) Hexose-monophosphate shunt
B.) TCA
C.) Glycolytic pathway
D.) ETC
```
Hexose-monophosphate shunt
72
```
An increase in which of the following minerals causes a decrease in blood pressure?
A.) P
B.) Na
C.) K
D.) Cl
```
K
73
```
What lipids comprise the majority of dietary fats?
A.) Glycolipid
B.) Lipoproteins
C.) Cholesterol
D.) Triglyceride
```
Triglyceride
74
```
Which is a mucopolysaccharides?
A.) Amylose
B.) Hyaluronic acid
C.) Glycogen
D.) Hemicellulose
```
Hyaluronic acid
75
```
What carbon source supplies the glycerol portion of the triglyceride for lipogenesis?
A.) HMG CoA
B.) Acetyl CoA
C.) Palmitate
D.) Glucose
```
Acetyl CoA
76
```
Which is a product of Pyruvate and can enter the TCA cycle?
A.) CO2
B.) Oxaloacetic
C.) Isocitrate
D.) Acetyl CoA
```
Acetyl CoA
77
```
Oxaloacetate is the alpha keto of?
A.) Threonine
B.) Aspartic acid
C.) Glutamic acid
D.) Alanine
```
Aspartic acid
78
```
Which of the following indicates that an amino acid is nonessential?
A.) Ability of body to synthesize it
B.) Inability of body to synthesize it
C.) Can be obtained from food
D.) Body does not need it for function
```
Ability of body to synthesize it
79
```
What amino acid is converted to indole in the intestine?
A.) Tryptophan
B.) Alanine
C.) Ornithine
D.) Phenylalanine
```
Tryptophan
80
```
Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?
A.) Linolenic acid
B.) Palmitic acid
C.) Stearic acid
D.) Oleic acid
```
Linolenic acid
81
```
Protein is first broken down in which of the following body structures?
A.) Kidney
B.) Liver
C.) Stomach
D.) Skeletal muscle
```
Stomach
82
```
Decarboxylation of acetoacetate yields what?
A.) HMG-CoA
B.) Acetate
C.) Beta-hydroxybutyric acid
D.) Acetone
```
Acetone
83
```
What glycosidic bond is found in Glycogen
A.) Alpha 1, 4
B.) Beta 1, 4
C.) Alpha 1, 4 & Alpha 1, 6
D.) Beta 1, 6
```
Alpha 1, 4 & Alpha 1, 6
84
```
After glycogen has been depleted from the body, what is the source of carbon?
A.) Ketones
B.) Dietary fats
C.) Endogenous fats
D.) Proteins
```
Proteins
85
```
The reductive step in fatty acid biosynthesis requires?
A.) NAD
B.) Acetyl CoA
C.) FAD2
D.) NADPH
```
NADPH
86
```
Which CTA cycle intermediate is a mitochondrial membrane transporter?
A.) Citrate
B.) Succinyl CoA
C.) Alpha KG
D.) Fumarate
```
Citrate
87
```
The biosynthesis of cholesterol begins with?
A.) Malony CoA
B.) Squalene
C.) Acetyl CoA
D.) Mevalonate
```
Acetyle CoA
88
```
Cholesterol is not part of which food?
A.) Beef
B.) Whole milk
C.) Peanuts
D.) Fish
```
Peanuts
89
```
The alpha helix and data pleated sheets are what type of structures?
A.) Primary protein structures
B.) Secondary protein structures
C.) Tertiary protein structures
D.) All of the above
```
Secondary protein structures
90
```
What vitamin is used for carboxylation reaction during Gluconeogenesis?
A.) Thiamine
B.) Niacin
C.) Biotin
D.) Pyridoxine
```
Biotin
91
```
What is a carbon glucose precursor?
A.) Pyruvate
B.) Fumarate
C.) Glycerate
D.) All of the above
```
Glycerate
92
```
Which is the active form of folate?
A.) Dihydrofolate
B.) Folic acid
C.) Tetrahydrofolate
D.) Folacin
```
Tetrahydrofolate
93
```
Which of the following amino acids is ketogenic?
A.) Lysine
B.) Cysterine
C.) Cystine
D.) Methionine
```
Lysine
94
```
Which of the following is a branch chain amino acid?
A.) Tyrosine
B.) Phenylalanine
C.) Tryptophan
D.) Leucine
```
Leucine
95
```
Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is responsible for xerophthalmia?
A.) Retinol
B.) Niacin
C.) Thiamnine
D.) Riboflavin
```
Retinol
96
```
Which disease would occur if there was a deficiency in the enzyme for the conversion of phynylalanine to tyrosine?
A.) Ketohexose
B.) Tyrosinemia
C.) Maple Syru Urine Disease
D.) Phenylketonuria
```
Phenylketonuria
97
```
HMG-CoA reductase is the rate limiting enzyme in?
A.) Glycogen breakdown
B.) Glycogen Synthesis
C.) Cholesterol Synthesis
D.) Glucose breakdown
```
Cholesterol synthesis
98
```
Which increases the serum Ca levels?
A.) Parathormone
B.) Thyroxine
C.) Adrenaline
D.) Calcitonin
```
Parathormone
99
```
Which of the following affects growth factor?
A.) Zinc
B.) Vit E
C.) Selenium
D.) Vit C
```
Zinc
100
```
What’s the final stage in the complete metabolism of fat?
A.) Beta oxidation cycle
B.) Aerobic Glycolysis
C.) TCA cycle
D.) Anaerobic Glycolysis
```
TCA cycle
101
```
DNA complementary strand would be which for 5’ ATGCTACG 3’?
A.) 5’ TCGATGC 3’
B.) 3’ UACGAUGC 5’
C.) 5’ TACGATGC 3’
D.) 3’ TACGATGC 5’
```
3' TACGATGC 5'
102
```
Which is considered to be the most saturated?
A.) Coconut Oil
B.) Sunflower Oil
C.) Safflower Oil
D.) Corn Oil
```
Coconut oil
103
```
Beta oxidation occurs in ________ and is a ________ process?
A.) Ribosomes, reduction
B.) Mitochondria, reduction
C.) Cytoplasm, oxidation
D.) Muscles, isotonic
```
Mitochondria, reduction
104
```
All amino acids at a pH of 7 has its isoelectric point at a pH of 6, therefore it will be?
A.) Negatively charged
B.) Positively charged
C.) Its isoelectric point
D.) In the form of a Zwitter ion
```
Negatively charged
105
```
By which mechanism do humans eliminate cholesterol?
A.) Metabolism of carbon dioxide
B.) Metabolism of CoA
C.) Excretion via urine
D.) Excretion via feces
```
Excretion via feces
106
```
What is required for trans-skeleton reactions?
A.) B6
B.) B3
C.) B2
D.) B1
```
B1
107
```
What type of bond holds DNA bases together?
A.) S
B.) H
C.) Esther
D.) Peptide
```
Esther
108
```
What is the significant intermediate in cytoplasmic biosynthesis of fatty acids?
A.) Beta hydroxybutyric acid
B.) Malonyl CoA
C.) Acid Pyruvic
D.) Mevalonic
```
Malonyl CoA
109
```
The molecule that enzymes act upon is known as?
A.) Substrate
B.) Amino acids
C.) Product
D.) Proteins
```
Substrate
110
```
In which process is glucagons converted to a monosaccharide phosphate?
A.) Gluconeogenesis
B.) Glycogenolysis
C.) Glycolysis
D.) Glycogenesis
```
Glycogenolysis
111
```
How many bases are found on the carbons?
A.) 3
B.) 4
C.) 1
D.) 2
```
3
112
```
Pantothenic acid is necessary for production of?
A.) Cobalamin
B.) Coenzyme A
C.) Cytochrome B
D.) Amino Acids
```
Coenzyme A
113
```
Homocysteine is a product of the demineralization of?
A.) Alanine
B.) Glutamine
C.) Phenylalanine
D.) Methionine
```
Methionine
114
```
Which of the following has the highest energy compound?
A.) Glucose-6-phosphate
B.) AMP
C.) Creatinine phosphate
D.) ATP
```
Creatine phosphate
115
```
Lack of B12 results in a deficiency of what?
A.) Glycine
B.) Methionine
C.) Homocysteine
D.) Pyruvate
```
Glycine
116
```
What leads to ketone body synthesis?
A.) Incomplete oxidation of fats
B.) Incomplete breakdown of carbs
C.) Complete oxidation of fat
D.) Increased levels of glucose
```
Incomplete oxidation of fats
117
```
What amino acid is a precursor to serotonin?
A.) Tryptophan
B.) Argine
C.) Tyrosine
D.) Niacin
```
Tryptophan
118
```
Sucrose is made from the combination of what and what?
A.) Glucose & Fructose
B.) Glucose & Galactose
C.) Glucose & Glucose
D.) Glucose & Lactose
```
Glucose & Fructose
119
```
Free radicals are highly radical substances that result from what type of lipids?
A.) Saturation
B.) Esterification
C.) Peroxidation
D.) Hydrogenation
```
Peroxidation
120
```
What is the reducing agent in fatty acid biosynthesis?
A.) NADPH
B.) CO2
C.) Biotin
D.) FAD
```
NADPH
121
```
Dietary vitamin n E is absorbed in the intestines by?
A.) Biotin & Thiamine
B.) Amino acids
C.) Carbohydrates
D.) Lipids
```
Lipids
122
```
Which is a polypeptide hormone?
A.) Epinephrine
B.) Testosterone
C.) Cortisol
D.) Insulin
```
Insulin
123
```
Purine N is derived from?
A.) Amino acids/uric acid
B.) Uric acid/amino acids
C.) Amino acid/urea
D.) Amino acid/creatine
```
Amino acids/uric acid
124
```
In the initial step of the CTA, the combination of acetyl CoA & what form citrate?
A.) Acetoacetate
B.) Pyruvate
C.) Malate
D.) Oxaloacetate
```
Oxaloacetate
125
```
Glucose to lactate produces?
A.) 0 ATP, 0 NADH, 2 CO2
B.) 0 ATP, 2 NADH, 0 CO2
C.) 2 ATP, 0 NADH, 0 CO2
D.) 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 CO2
```
2 ATP, 0 NADH, 0 CO2
126
```
If a substance contains 30% starch and 10% maltose 10% lactose 50% sucrose what % is glucose, galactose, fructose?
A.) 70, 20, 10
B.) 70, 10, 10
C.) 70, 5, 25
D.) 60, 30, 10
```
70, 5, 25
Board Review - Part 1
flashcards
Decks in class (6)
# Cards
