Radiology > Chest > Flashcards

Chest Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

what 8 views are used to view the chest

A
  1. PA
  2. AP
  3. lateral
  4. inspiratory
  5. expiratory
  6. lordotic
  7. decubitus
  8. oblique
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2
Q

what is the gold standard view?

why

A

PA

it gives maximum visabilty of the heart

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3
Q

what view is this?

give three indicators

A

PA chest

  1. clavicles are low
  2. heart is well defined
  3. diaphragm is more flat
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4
Q
A

aortic arch

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5
Q
A

diaphragm

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6
Q
A

left ventricle

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7
Q
A

liver

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8
Q
A

pulmonary artery

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9
Q
A

right atrium

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10
Q
A

right mainstem bronchus

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11
Q
A

stomach

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12
Q
A

trachea

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13
Q

why is an AP view usually taken supine

A

they are taken on the portable when the patient cant make it to radiology

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14
Q

what view is this?

three indentifiers

A
  1. diaphragm is more lifted
  2. clavicle is higher
  3. heart is less defined
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15
Q

how far is the xray source from the plate in an AP? PA? Lateral?

A

AP is 3 feet

PA is 6 feet

lateral is 6 feet

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16
Q

what lateral view would you get for a left sided lesion

A

a left lateral view

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17
Q

three rules of a lateral chest x ray

A
  1. diaphragm shadows should be clear
  2. show of the upper vertebrae is whiter than the lower
  3. retrosternal and retrocardiac spaces should both be the same color and are both normally dark
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18
Q
A

diaphragm shadow

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19
Q
A

retrosternal space

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20
Q
A

retrocardiac space

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21
Q
A

lateral chest

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22
Q

what is this? when would you take this?

A

expiratory AP

looking for pneumothorax

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23
Q
A

aortic arch

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24
Q
A

pulmonary artery

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25
right ventricle
26
left ventricle
27
what is the difference between these two radiographs
the left is inspiratory, right is inspiratory
28
why is a lordotic view done
to see the apices of the lungs
29
lordotic
30
what is this view? why is it done
decubitus looking for an air fluid level
31
what is this view? why is it done
oblique to look around the heart at the trachea, esophagus, or vertebrae
32
five boney structure of the thorax
1. ribs 2. clavicles 3. shoulder articulation 4. spine 5. scapula
33
what are the individual sides of the diaphragm called
left and right hemidiaphragm
34
hilum
the origin of the lungs
35
list the lobes of the left and right lungs
left: upper and lingual, lower right: upper, middle, lower
36
two fissures of the lungs visable on chest xray
major and minor
37
mediastinum
the extrapleural space between the lungs
38
two pleural layers visable on chest xray
parietal and visceral
39
what are the three costophrenic angles
anterior, posterior, lateral deep recesses formed by the diaphragm and the ribs on PA and lateral views
40
lateral costophrenic angles
41
Ap costophrenic angles
42
hilum of the lungs
where the pulmonary arteries enter the lung and branch off
43
where are the pulmonary arteries found on radiograph
superior to the atria on both sides the left pulmonary artery is inferior to the aortic arch
44
lung markings
A Left upper B Right Upper C Right middle lobe D Lingula E Right lower lobe Left Lower Lobe
45
left and right hilar points
46
when can you see lung fissures on a chest xray
when the beam is parallel to the fissure
47
describe the orientation of the lung fissures with respect to the lobes
the left oblique fissure separates the upper and lower lobe the right oblique fissures separates the middle and lower lobe the horizontal fissure separates the upper and middle lobe
48
horizontal fissure
49
horizontal and oblique fissure
50
what 6 structures are found in the mediastinum
1. heart 2. great vessels 3. trachea 4. mainstem bronchi 5. esophagus 6. lymph nodes
51
name the three parts of the bronchial tree define the first part
carina, bronchi, bronchioles carina: the bifurcation of the trachea into bronchi
52
anterior/middle/posterior mediastinum
53
vascular structures
A Right Pulmonary artery B Knob of the aortic arch C Right pulmonary artery D Left pulmonary artery E Right pulmonary artery (lower lobe) F RIght border fo the heart G inferior vena cava
54
A Left brachial vein B Superior vena cava C Ascending aorta D Aorta E Pulmonary artery F Left Pulmonary artery
55
A Pulmonary vein B Right atria C aortic valve D mitral valve E tricuspid valve F Right ventricle G Lefr ventricle
56
A Superior vena cava B azygoesphageal recess C right main pulmonary artery D right descending pulmonary artery E Right atrium F cardio phrenic angle G Liver H Breast Shadow
57
A aortic arch B aortopulmonary window C descending pulmonary artery D left atrium E left ventricle F gastric bubble G splenic flexure of the colon H descending aorta
58
what does the parietal pleura cover? visceral pleura? what is the space between them?
the interior of the chest wall the lungs a potential space that can fill with air or fluid
59
what are the structures of the lungs that should be noted in alphabetical order (D, E, and H have two things)
A- airway B- bones C- cardiac D- densities and diaphragms E- effusions and equal lung fields F- foreign bodies G- gastric bubble H- hilum and mediastinum I- inspiration
60
define the mnemonic **A**re **T**here **M**any **L**ung **L**esions
**A**bdomen **T**horax **M**ediastinum **L**ungs individually **L**ungs comparitively
61
what structures should be examined in a systematic review of a chest xray (9)
1. general 2. bony structures 3. soft tissues 4. lungs 5. pleura 6. hila 7. fissures 8. mediastinum 9. artificial changes
62
during a systematic review of CXR, what are the features examined on general overiew (6)
1. contrast 2. projection 3. orientation L.R 4. correct patient 5. correct films 6. inspiration
63
what four bony structures should be examined on a systematic review of a CXR
1. shoulder joint 2. ribs 3. spine 4. scapula
64
when examining soft tissue (lung, breast, diaphragm) on CXR what **four** qualities should be noted
1. thickness 2. contour 3. foreign body 4. densities
65
what three features of the lungs should be reviewed on CXR
1. pulmonary vessels 2. airspace 3. interstitial pattern
66
when examining the lung air space, what would be four features you might note
1. nodules 2. masses 3. atelectasis 4. COPD
67
two examples of diseases would cause pleural abnormalities on CXR
1. pleural effusion 2. pneumothorax
68
what three abnormalities might you see in the fissures of the lung on CXR
1. presence 2. shift in location 3. abnormalities
69
what changes in the mediastinum should be noted on a systematic review of a CXR
1. cardiothoracic ratio 2. widening 3. shifts or abnormalities
70
what are three examples of artificial changes to note on CXR
1. surgical clips 2. foreign bodies 3. pacemakers
71
define the mnemonic **I** **Q**uit **A**nd Wanna **B**e **F**ree
**I**dentify the patient **Q**uality of the film **A**ir **W**ater (fluid) **B**one **F**unny looking things (foreign bodies)
72
should a CXR be symmetrical? if not, why?
mostly symmetrical 1. right hemidiaphragm should be a little higher 2. left heart shadow more prominent 3. aortic knob projects right
73
why is it important to find lung markings and follow them to the edge of the chest
because they determine the size and contour of the lung
74
what is wrong with this CXR
underpenetrated
75
what is wrong with this CXR
over penetrated
76
what is wrong with this CXR? how can you tell?
it is rotated the clavicles are not equidistant from the spinous processes
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