Child Development

Question 1

What is Bowlbly’s ethological theory of attachment 1979

Answer 1

Attachment is an evolved response that promotes survival - built-in behaviours to keep parent nearby

Question 2

What are the four stages of attachment formation?

Answer 2

Pre-attachment
Attachment in the making
Clear-cut attachment
Goal-corrected partnership

Question 2

What was the strange situation test?

Answer 2

Identified the 4 types of attachment classifications
Child playing with parent, stranger enters, parent leaves

Question 3

What are the 4 classifications of attachment?

Answer 3

Secure
Insecure - resistant
Insecure - avoidant
Disorganised

Question 4

What effect can chronic early life stress have on a person?

Answer 4

HPA axis dysregulation, glucocorticoid response, inflammatory response

Question 5

What did Piaget see children as?

Answer 5

enquiring scientists

Question 6

What are Piaget’s 4 stages of development?

Answer 6

Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

Question 7

What is the sensorimotor stage of development?

Answer 7

Birth - 2
6 sub-stages
Knowing the physical environment by seeing and touching

Question 8

What are schemas?

Answer 8

theories about how the physical and social world operate

Question 9

What is assimilation in terms of schemas?

Answer 9

Understanding a new object

Question 10

What is accommodation in terms of schemas?

Answer 10

modifying a schema

Question 11

What is the pre-operational thought stage of development?

Answer 11

Centration - only thinking about 1 idea
Egocentrism - self-centred world view

Question 12

What experiment was used to show pre-operational thought?

Answer 12

the three mountain task

Question 13

What experiment dis-proved the 3 mountain task?

Answer 13

Hughes, 1975
Hide the doll from the policeman’s view

Question 14

What does the Wechsler adult intelligence scale include?

Answer 14

IQ
VCI - verbal comprehension index
PRI - perceptual reasoning index
WMI - working memory index
PSI - processing speed index

Question 15

What are 3 uses of IQ tests?

Answer 15

Identifying educational needs
Assessment following neurological trauma
Predicting school performance

Question 16

What 4 things must there be knowledge of to use language proficiently?

Answer 16

Phonology
Semantics
Syntax
Pragmatics

Question 17

What is phonology?

Answer 17

sound system

Question 18

What are phonemes?

Answer 18

Sounds we are able to make
A limited set for each species

Question 19

What are semantics?

Answer 19

the meaning of words and sentences

Question 20

What are morphemes?

Answer 20

Small words - prefixes/suffixes
Smallest linguistic units that carry meaning

Question 21

What is syntax?

Answer 21

the order of words

Question 22

What are pragmatics?

Answer 22

what to say and when
the circumstances when certain language is used

Question 23

What age is the pre-linguistic period?

Answer 23

0-12 months

Question 24

What are the 3 forms of vocalisation in the pre-linguistic period?

Answer 24

Crying Cooing Babbling

Question 25

What is babbling?

Answer 25

adding consonants echolalia

Question 26

What is echolalia?

Answer 26

Sound repetition

Question 27

What age do children start to learn verbal labels?

Answer 27

8-12 months

Question 28

What age do children learn true symbolic representation?

Answer 28

18 months

Question 31

What age does telegraphic speech start?

Answer 31

18-24 months

Question 32

What key part of speech develops at ages 3-5?

Answer 32

the emergence of narrative

Question 32

What language develops after age 2?

Answer 32

Adding verbs Compound sentences Past tense Logical errors

Question 32

An interest of what develops at ages 3-5?

Answer 32

Interest in rhymes and songs

Question 33

What 4 things develop at ages 3-5?

Answer 33

Interest in rhymes and songs Commentaries during play Pre-sleep monologues All show emergence of narrative

Question 34

What is propositional thought?

Answer 34

Verbal language thoughts

Question 35

What were Skinner's views of language acquisition?

Answer 35

Language is learned by imitation and progressive reinforcement

Question 35

What are imaginal thoughts?

Answer 35

Visual imagery thoughts

Question 36

What were Chomsky views on language?

Answer 36

Language acquisition device - biologically pre-programmed to learn language Away from behaviourism

Question 37

What is home sign?

Answer 37

a spontaneous language

Question 38

What causes expressive aphasia?

Answer 38

damage to Broca's area

Question 39

What causes receptive aphasia?

Answer 39

damage to Wernicke's area

Question 40

How much is comprehension impaired with expressive aphasia?

Answer 40

Largely unimpaired

Question 41

How is comprehension impaired with receptive aphasia?

Answer 41

Seriously impaired