Chp 10.1: Intelligence I

Question 1

intelligence

Answer 1

a concept that refers to individual differences in the ability to acquire knowledge, to think and reason effectively, and to deal adaptively with the environment

Question 2

mental age

Answer 2

the mental level at which a child is performing as determined by a “standardized interview” in which the child responds to a series of questions

Question 3

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 3

originally defined as mental age (MA) divided by chronological age (CA) multiplied by 100 (IQ = (MA/CA) × 100); an IQ of 100 indicates an individual is average for their age group; IQ scores are today based on norms derived from people of various ages

Question 4

Why do today’s intelligence tests no longer use the concept of mental age? How is IQ now defined?

Answer 4

• No longer used in current intelligence tests
• Concept works well for children, but not for adults
• As chronological age increases, mental age may not
• Current tests use a deviation score and compares a person’s performance to scores of others who are in the same age group

Question 5

Who developed the first intelligence test?

Answer 5

Alfred Binet

• believed that intelligence involved complex thinking processes
• Influenced definition of intelligence

Question 6

Galton’s Anthropometric Approach

Answer 6

Francis Galton

• tried to measure intelligence systematically
• relation between sensory abilities

Question 7

Anthropometrics

Answer 7

“methods of measuring physical and mental variations in humans”

Question 8

Entity theory

Answer 8

belief that intelligence is fixed

Question 9

Incremental theory

Answer 9

belief that intelligence can be changed