6 types of change
Types of changes include technical change, structural change, task change, people change, environment change, and product and process change.
automation
The simplification or reduction of human effort required to do a job.
managment information system
Formal systems for collecting, processing, and disseminating the information necessary to aid managers in decision-making.
stages in the change process
Denial, resistance, exploration, commitment
resistance to change
Involves the variables of intensity, source, and focus, which together explain why people are reluctant to change.
3 major sources of resistence
facts beliefs and value
lewins change model
- unfreezing
- moving
- refreezing
organizational culture
Consists of the shared values and assumptions of how its members will behave.
Organizational climate
The relatively enduring quality of the internal environment of the organization as perceived by its members.
morale
A state of mind based on employees’ attitudes and satisfaction with the organization.
organizational development
The ongoing planned process of change used as a means of improving the organization’s effectiveness in solving problems and achieving its objectives.
training
The process of developing the necessary skills to perform the present job.
development
The process of developing the ability to perform both present and future jobs.
surevy feedback
An organizational development (OD) technique that uses a questionnaire to gather data that are used as the basis for change.
performance appraisal
The ongoing process of evaluating employee job performance.
standards
Performance levels in the areas of quantity, quality, time, and cost.
coaching model
Model that involves five steps: (1) refer to past feedback; (2) describe current performance; (3) describe desired performance; (4) get a commitment to the change; and (5) follow-up.
force field analysis
A technique that diagrams the current level of performance, the hindering forces against change, and the driving forces toward change.
incremental change
continual improvement that takes place within the already existing technological cycle
discontinous change
significant brakthrough in technology that leads to a totally new tech. cycle
