Chronic disease Flashcards

Question 1

Q

What are some common features of different chronic disease definitions?

Answer

A

Condition that requires ongoing medical attention
Limits activities of daily life
Has a prolonged duration
Sometimes it comes with time
Don’t have to be life-threatening
You can manage symptoms, but there is no cure
We might not know the causes
Symptoms may flow (be more serious at times)

Question 2

Q

What are the 7 chronic diseases according to the CDC?

Answer

A

HD
Cancer
Chronic lung cancer
Stroke
Alzheimer’s
Diabetes
Chronic kidney disease

Question 3

Q

What are some of the individual burdens that chronic diseases might bring?

Answer

A

survival
quality of life (changes how you carry your roles)
Social consequences (stigmas, caregiver’s life)
Economic consequences (can’t work? get insurance?)
Anxiety –> especially degenerative diseases

Question 4

Q

What are some ways of quantifying public burdens of chronic diseases?

Answer

A

contagiousness
population of interest
burden (cost)
economic impact
prevalence
incidence
-Morbidity
-Mortality

Question 5

Q

What is the epidemiologic transition?

Answer

A

Change in disease patterns, causes of death, fertility, and life expectancy in a population

Shift from high burden of infectious diseases to a high burden of chronic diseases

Question 6

Q

What are some modifiable causes of chronic diseases?

Answer

A

Tobacco use / secondhand smoke
Poor nutrition
Physical inactivity
Poor sleep
Excessive alcohol use

Question 7

Q

What are some of the non-modifiable causes of chronic disease?

Answer

A

Genetics
Age
Family history

Chronic disease disparities: importance of person, place, time, and social determinants of health

Question 8

Q

What is the stroke belt?

Answer

A

The south east of the country where there is very poor health

Question 9

Q

What is surveillance of chronic disease in the US?

Answer

A

Mechanisms to collect info on disease and burden
Monitor progress and prevention efforts
Make more timely and effective decisions

Question 10

Q

What are the types of prevention?

Answer

A

Primary - before you get the disease –> vaccines, education campaigns, policy interventions
Secondary - catching the diseases early or identifying risk factors –> screening
Tertiary –> managing symptoms

Question 11

Q

What is meant by the intersection of chronic and infectious diseases?

Answer

A

Having a chronic disease increases your chance of getting an infectious disease –> increased time spent in the healthcare system, and some treatments may weaken the immune system
Those with infectious diseases may be at higher risk of developing chronic diseases
Long COVID might be becoming chronic

Question 12

Q

What is a vaccine and why are they used?

Answer

A

a substance that prepares your body to fight disease
useful to: prevent disease, reduce the risk of adverse symptoms, produce antibodies

Question 13

Q

What are some types of vaccines?

Answer

A

Weakened pathogen
Inactive pathogen
Using part of the pathogen
use part of the DNA

Question 14

Q

What are the phases of vaccine development?

Answer

A

All happens after they have passed the animal testing phase.
Phase 1 - a group of small healthy volunteers (to see if it’s safe)
Phase 2 - several hundred volunteers (identify common side effects)
Phase 3 - hundreds of thousands of volunteers (test efficacy)

Question 15

Q

Who regulates vaccine safety and proper administration?

Answer

A

FDA

Involved in development and testing
Provide recommendations on who should get the vaccine
Facilitate vaccination and administration

Question 16

Q

What is herd immunity?

Answer

Study These Flashcards

A

Herd immunity is the concept that if enough people are vaccinated, then even those who aren’t are protected against the disease because vaccinated people stop the chain of infection.