CHUNK 1: CELL STRUCTURE Flashcards by grace c.

Q

Prokaryote

A

No nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles

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Q

Eukaryote

A

Has nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

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Q

DNA location in prokaryotes

A

Nucleoid region

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Q

DNA location in eukaryotes

A

Nucleus

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Q

Domains of prokaryotes

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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Q

Plant cell

A

Cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole

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Q

Animal cell

A

No cell wall, no chloroplast

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Q

Plant cell wall made of

A

Cellulose

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Q

Fungal cell wall made of

A

Chitin

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Q

Bacterial cell wall made of

A

Peptidoglycan

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Q

Nucleus

A

Stores DNA; transcription

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Q

Ribosome

A

Protein synthesis

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Q

Rough ER

A

Makes proteins for secretion and membranes

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Q

Smooth ER

A

Lipid synthesis and detox

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Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies, sorts, and ships proteins

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Q

Lysosome

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A

Digestion and recycling

Q

Peroxisome

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A

Detox and fatty acid breakdown

Q

Mitochondria

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A

ATP production

Q

Chloroplast

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A

Photosynthesis

Q

Microtubules

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A

Vesicle tracks, spindle, cilia/flagella

Q

Actin / microfilaments

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A

Cell movement and shape changes

Q

Intermediate filaments

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A

Mechanical strength

Q

Protein trafficking pathway

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A

DNA → RNA → ribosome → rough ER → Golgi → vesicle → destination

Q

Cis Golgi

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A

Receives from ER

Trans Golgi

Ships out

Tight junction

Seal; prevents leakage

Desmosome / anchoring junction

Strength; holds cells together

Gap junction

Communication between animal cells

Plasmodesmata

Communication channels between plant cells

What happens to SA:V as cell gets bigger?

It decreases

Why is low SA:V bad?

Harder to exchange nutrients and wastes

How do cells compensate for low SA:V?

Stay small, fold membrane, long/thin shape, internal membranes