what is the generic equation of a circle centred at the origin
x^2 + y^2 = r^2
equation for circle at any centre
(x - a)^2 + (y - b)^2 = r ^2
centre: (a, b)
discriminant of tangent to a circle (one intersection)
b^2 - 4ac = 0
discriminant when it does not intersect the circle
b^2 - 4ac < 0
discriminant when the line has two points of intersection with the circle
b^2 - 4ac > 0