Injections into the circular flow
cause an increase in GDP, AD and incomes.
Impacts of injections into the circular flow are:
Investment increases, Investments in export receipts, increase in consumptions, decrease in income tax, increased government spending.
Leakages from the circular flow cause..
A decrease in GDP, AD and incomes.
Impacts of leakages from the circular flow cause..
Decrease in GDP, decrease in AD and decrease in incomes.
Investment decreases, increase in import payments, decrease in consumption, increase in income tax, decreased government spending.
GDP = AD =
Y = C + I + G + (X - M)