Circulation 1

Question 1

why do animals need circulatory system?

Answer 1

• structural support
• filtration
• gas transport
• O2 cascade
• activity increases tissue O2 needs

Question 2

providing structural support

Answer 2

• fluid is PRESSURIZED, and essential for invertebrate movement
• essential for erections in mammals

Question 3

filtration

Answer 3

fluid pressure allows it to be filtrated through kidney to remove waste
-also allows for interstitial fluid that bathes vertebrate cells via the lymphatic circulation

Question 4

movement of gases through diffusion vs convection

Answer 4

diffusion: works for distances up to 1mm, movement is random or follows gradient, and time for diffusion is proportional to distance^2
- required convection, the collective movement of molecules in a fluid via energy to propel the fluid in larger organisms, such as a pump

Question 5

O2 cascade in multicellular animals

Answer 5

O2 moves from envrion to resp organ via convection, into circulatory system via diffusion, through that system with convection of pump in tubes, and then diffused into tissues (where adp is converted into atp)

Question 6

Fick Equation

Answer 6

MO2=q(CaO2-CvO2)

• Q=cardiac output, CaO2=Arterial O2 blood concentraion, CvO2=venous o2 blood
• Q increases with exercise intensity, arterial O2 conc stays the same, and venous DECREASES

Question 7

what in fick equation would change at diff altitude. What would change with anemia?

Answer 7

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Question 8

1st componenet of circ system: heart

Answer 8

• generates fluid pressure to create flow into and through vessels
• ATP is used to generate muscle tension that is converted to blood pressure, which is converted into circulatory flow
• ATP>potential energy (blood pressure)>kinetic energy/blood velocity

Question 9

three different solutions for a heart

Answer 9

1. skeletal muscle compresses vessels (oneway valves necessary for directing blood flow)
2. cardiac muscle compresses a chamber (also with a oneway valve)
3. Vascular smooth muscle generates a PERISTALTIC WAVE in vessel through contractions (no valves needed)

Question 10

2nd component: vascular tubes

Answer 10

• aka blood vessels and vasculature
• distributes fluid where needed
• CONTROLS FLUID PRESSURE
• controls fluid exchange (diffusion @ high SA; filtration where permeable)
• store fluid (lymph)

Question 11

3rd component: fluid

Answer 11

heemolymph=invertebrates, blood=vertebrates

• transport dissolved or bound CO2 and O2 in rbc
• transport dissolved/bound nutrients, from gut to liver and tissues, was to kidneys, hormones between organs
• immune defense system, WBC, coagulation

Question 12

malaria?

Answer 12

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Question 13

hypoxia?

Answer 13

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Question 14

plasma

Answer 14

55% of blood, made of water, ions, proteins, lipids

Question 15

how does ohm’s law relate to capilano reservoir?

Answer 15

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Question 16

create an equation linking blood flow, bp, vascular resistance R

Answer 16

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