Circulatory System

Question 1

How does the heart act?

Answer 1

As two pumps in series (right and left sides), connected by 2 circulations and two pumps with 2 valves.

Question 2

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 2

• Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs [oxygenation takes place in alveoli.
• Returns oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.

Question 3

What is Systemic Circulation?

Answer 3

Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body.

Question 4

What is the upper chamber of the heart called?

Answer 4

Atrium

Question 5

What is the lower chamber of the heart called?

Answer 5

Ventricle

Question 6

Which valves are on the right side of the heart?

Answer 6

Tricuspid and Pulmonic

Question 7

What is the tricuspid valve?

Answer 7

• Between right atrium and ventricle
• Atrioventricular: connects atrium and ventricle.

Question 8

What is the pulmonic valve?

Answer 8

• Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
• Semi lunar valve: connects ventricle and artery.

Question 9

What is the Mitral valve?

Answer 9

• Bicuspid Valve
• Atrioventricular Valve
• Between left atrium and ventricle.

Question 10

What is the Aortic Valve?

Answer 10

• Between left ventricle and aorta.
• Semi lunar valve: connects ventricle and artery.

Question 11

What are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 11

Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium

Question 12

What is the Endocardium?

Answer 12

Endothelial lining (inner) of the heart

Question 13

What is the myocardium?

Answer 13

• Muscular middle layer
• Contractile element of the heart

Question 14

What is the Epicardium?

Answer 14

-Fibrous outer layer of heart
- Coronary Arteries here

Question 15

What do coronary arteries do?

Answer 15

Supply blood to the heart

Question 16

What are the three layers of blood vessels? [Except capillaries]

Answer 16

• Tunica Adventitia (Outer)
• Tunica Media ( Middle)
• Tunica Intima ( Inner )

Question 17

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?

Answer 17

Aorta, Arteries, and Arterioles

Question 18

Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

Answer 18

Venules, Veins, and Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae

Question 19

What do capillaries do?

Answer 19

• Connect arterioles and venules.
• Composed of layer of endothelial cells.

Question 20

What are the different mixtures of capillary blood?

Answer 20

Arterial and Venous Blood

Question 21

What exchanges between capillary walls?

Answer 21

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nutrients, and Waste Products between blood and tissue cells.

Question 22

How much blood does the average adult have?

Answer 22

5 to 6 Liters

Question 23

What is the cellular portion of blood called?

Answer 23

Formed Elements

Question 24

What percent of blood is plasma and what is formed elements?

Answer 24

55% is plasma
45% is formed elements

Question 25

What does plasma contain?

Answer 25

proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones, minerals. vitamins, & water (92%). Also waste products like urea.

Question 26

What is contained in formed elements?

Answer 26

Erythrocytes (99%) Leukocytes (White blood cells) Thrombocytes (Platelets)

Question 27

How do Erythrocytes enter the blood?

Answer 27

- As immature reticulocytes. - Takes 1-2 days to mature

Question 28

How many RBCs per microliter of blood?

Answer 28

4.2 to 6.2 million

Question 29

How long is the life span of RBC?

Answer 29

120 days

Question 30

What are the 5 types of WBC's in the blood?

Answer 30

- Neutrophils - Lymphocytes - Monocytes - Eosinophils - Basophils

Question 31

What are Neutrophils?

Answer 31

- 40% - 60% of WBC (Most Numerous) - Phagocytes - React in bacterial infection

Question 32

What are Lymphocytes?

Answer 32

- 20% - 40% of WBC - React in Viral infection - Role in Immunity

Question 33

What are Monocytes?

Answer 33

- 3% to 8% of WBC (Largest in size) - Monocytes in circulating blood - Transform into macrophages and phagocytes - Reacts in Intracellular infections and TB

Question 34

What are Eosinophils?

Answer 34

- 1% to 3% of WBC population - Active against antibody labeled foreign molecules - React in allergies, skin infections, & parasitic infections

Question 35

What are Basophils?

Answer 35

- 0% to 1% of WBC - Carry histamine, so react in allergic rxn

Question 36

What are thrombocytes?

Answer 36

- Small irregularly shaped packets - Formed in bone marrow from megakaryocytes - Essential for blood coagulation

Question 37

What is average # of platelets per microliter?

Answer 37

140,000 to 440,000

Question 38

How long do thrombocytes live?

Answer 38

9 to 12 days

Question 39

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

Answer 39

- Plasma has fibrinogen