circulatory system

Question 1

list three blood vessels

Answer 1

arteries, veins, and capillaries

Question 2

what do arteries do and what characteristics help it’s function?

Answer 2

• arteries carry blood away from the heart
• its high elasticity walls allow easier expansion for blood

Question 3

what do veins do and what characteristics help it’s function?

Answer 3

• veins carry blood towards the heart
• it’s lower elasticity walls prevent backwards flow

Question 4

what do capillaries do?

Answer 4

• join the arteries and veins

Question 5

what is blood pressure?

Answer 5

blood pressure is the pressure exerted in the walls of the vessels while blood passes through

Question 6

what is the maximum and minimum pressure of blood pressure called?

Answer 6

systolic and diastolic

Question 7

what is the heart made of and how does that aid its function?

Answer 7

• made of cardiac muscle
• arranged to make contraction and relaxation without getting tired
• ensures blood flows in one direction
• separates oxygen rich blood from oxygen poor blood

Question 8

what is the structure of the heart?

Answer 8

contains four chambers:

• two top atriums
• two bottom ventricles ( one in the left and the right sides )

Question 9

what is the flow of blood in the heart?

Answer 9

1. two top atriums fill with blood
2. two bottom ventricles receive blood from atriums
3. pumps it back out into the body or lungs
   - septum separates the atria and ventricles

Question 10

what are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 10

1. pulmonary artery
2. pulmonary vein
3. aorta
4. semilunar valve

Question 11

what is a pulmonary artery?

Answer 11

large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 12

what is the pulmonary vein?

Answer 12

blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 13

what is the aorta?

Answer 13

artery that carries blood from the heart to other arteries

Question 14

what is the semilunar valve?

Answer 14

artery that carries blood away from the heart

Question 15

blood from where does the right side of the heart encounter?

Answer 15

blood coming back from the body

Question 16

what opens into the right atrium?

Answer 16

vena cava

Question 17

what does the vena cava collect?

Answer 17

oxygen poor blood

Question 18

where does oxygen poor blood go for gas exchange?

Answer 18

left and right lungs

Question 19

what type of blood does the left side of the heart receive? and from where

Answer 19

oxygen rich blood from the lungs

Question 20

what does blood consist of?

Answer 20

plasma ( fluid )

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets ( solid )

Question 21

what are the three main proteins in blood?

Answer 21

1. albumin
2. globulins
3. fibrinogen

Question 22

what is plasma?

Answer 22

• clear yellowish fluid
• 92% water
• 7% dissolved blood proteins
• 1% inorganic ions

Question 23

what is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 23

oxygen transportation

Question 24

what effects efficiency of red blood cells?

Answer 24

carrying capacity determined by rbc’s hemoglobin and amount of other rbcs present

Question 25

what is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 25

infection and sickness control

Question 26

what happens to the percentage of white blood cells if your body is fighting disease?

Answer 26

1% but may increase if your body is fighting an infection

Question 27

list the main types of white blood cells

Answer 27

1. neutrophil 2. eosinophil 3. basophil 4. lymphocyte 5. monocyte

Question 28

define neutrophil

Answer 28

most abundant wbc

Question 29

define eosinophil

Answer 29

found in mucus linings

Question 30

define basophil

Answer 30

disease attractor

Question 31

define lymphocyte

Answer 31

produces antibodies

Question 32

define monocyte

Answer 32

general destroyer of bacteria

Question 33

what are the 2 main functions of blood

Answer 33

1. transportation 2. temperature regulation

Question 34

how does blood transport

Answer 34

- removes waste of cellular processes by bringing it to kidneys - brings carbon dioxide to lungs for excretion

Question 35

how does blood regulate temperature

Answer 35

vasodilation - widening of blood cells to release heat vasoconstriction - narrowing of boood cells to conserve heat and enacts waves of muscle contraction

Question 36

what is the sinoatrial node

Answer 36

stimulates muscle cells to contract and relax rhythmically

Question 37

what are the stages of the ECG diagram

Answer 37

P wave, QRS complex, T wave

Question 38

what is the P wave

Answer 38

SA nodes fire and atria contracts

Question 39

what is the QRS complex

Answer 39

- AV nodes stimulate ventricles - atrioventricular valves close - produces “lub” noise

Question 40

what is the T wave

Answer 40

- occurs when ventricles relax - semilunar valves close to produce the “dub”

Question 41

what is the atrium

Answer 41

two top chambers: left and right atrium

Question 42

what is the sinoatrial node

Answer 42

stimulates muscle to contract and relax rhythmically

Question 43

what is the atrioventricular node

Answer 43

transmits electrical signals through the bundle of his and then to the purkinje fibres