What are the seven uses of blood in the body?
- O2 transport from lungs to cells
- CO2 removal from cells to the lungs
- Nutrients and H2O from the guy to the cells
- Hormone and enzymes transported from glands to the cells
- Antibodies to site of infection or Injury
- Distribute heat
- Remove waste from cells to liver and kidneys
What is the function of the circulatory system?
- to transport blood around the body
- Use a network of capillaries
- Arteries blood away from heart to tissues
- Veins return unoxygenated blood from body too heart and lungs
What are the components of blood?
- Plasma 55%
- White blood cells <1%
Explain what is in plasma and how it’s used.
- straw coloured
- composed of serum and fibrinogen
(Other components suspended In this) - 90% H2O, 10% dissolved organic substances
- fibrinogen (fibrous network for blood clots to stem blood loss)
What are the ten dissolved organic substances in blood plasma?
- Amino acids
- Lipids
- Glucose
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Blood proteins
- Urea
- Hormones
- Enzymes
- CO2
Describe the function and features of red blood cells (RBC).
- Carry O2 from the lungs to the tissues
- biconcave (increase surface area to improve O2 exchange)
- O2 bound to haemoglobin = oxyhaemaglobin. (Travels like this around body)
- short life span 3-4months (replaced with new RBC from bone marrow)
- 1/3 of blood in horses is kept in the spleen until needed in exercises
Describe the function and features of white blood cells (WBC).
- larger than RBC but less abundant
- colourless and transparent
- defend against disease
- increase in numbers due to bacterial infection not for viral
- characterised as granulocytes (from the bone marrow) and agranulocytes (from the lymphatic system)
Can you name the different white blood cell types from the granulocytes and agranulocytes?
Granulocytes - basophils - eosinophil - neutrophil Agranulocytes - lymphocytes - monocytes
Describe the function and features of Platelets.
- Smallest of the blood cells
- originate in the red bone marrow
- short life span 9-11days
- release thromokinase used for clotting blood
- platelets stick together at injury sites
Explain the uses of different blood vessels.
Arteries
- takes oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
- blood is bright in colour
Veins
- deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs via heart
- blood is dark in colour
Capillaries
- network of thread-like vessels
- thin walled (one cell wide) for easy diffusion
- waste removal
- transfer of O2 and dissolved food to tissues
Tell me facts about the horses heart.
- In the thoratic cavity between the lungs
- 16.2hh heart weight 4 - 5 kg (1% of body weight)
- four chambers
- Encased in sac - pericardium
Describe the heart structure.
- left/right Atrium
- left /right ventrical
- Aorta
- pulmonary artery
- pulmonary veins
- superior vena cava
How many beats does a horses heart beat per minute both rest and at maximum exercise?
At rest - 20-30 bpm During exercise - 240 bpm - almost 10x more!
What sort of circulation is it?
Double circulation
- pulmonary circulation
- systematic circulation
Which sides receives oxygenated blood and which side receives unoxygenated blood?
Left side
- oxygenated blood from the lungs
Right side
- deoxygenated blood from Body (pumps to lungs from heart)
What controls relax and contraction of heart muscles?
Electrical activity coordinates muscle of heart to contract simultaneously to pump blood
What do you use to monitor heart rate?
Take pulse inside the jaw or in armpit
- stethoscope
- heart rate monitor to get instant reasons to riders watch
- electorcardiogram (ECG) - measures electrical activity in heart
