Circulatory System

Question 1

System that is a closed loop

Answer 1

Blood vascular system

Question 2

Parts of the blood vascular system

Answer 2

Heart, arteries, arterioles, veins, veinules, capillaries

Question 3

System that is open ended

Answer 3

Lymphatic system

Question 4

Organs of the lymphatic system

Answer 4

Lymphatic vessels, collections of lymphatic tissue

Question 5

Discrete collections of lymphatic tissue are called

Answer 5

lymph nodes

Question 6

Diffuse collections of lymphatic tissue are part of

Answer 6

organ walls

Question 7

Structure to prevent back flow in the circulatory system

Answer 7

valves

Question 8

Functions of the circulatory system

Answer 8

Transport & exchange
Immunity
Thermoregulation

Question 9

What drives the circuit of the blood vascular system?

Answer 9

Hydro-static pressure also known as blood pressure

Question 10

Pressure (in mmhg) of blood at these stages:
Leaving the heart
At the tissue
In the capillaries
In the atria of the heart

Answer 10

Leaving the heart: 125 in Aorta, 25 in Pulmonary trunk

At the tissue: 25-30

In the capillaries: 15

In the atria of the heart: 2 in R Atrium, 3 in L Atrium

Question 11

What fluid is carried by the lymphatic system

Answer 11

Interstitial fluid

Question 12

What is the process of the lymphatic system/pattern?

Answer 12

Movement of mm. squeezes interstitial fluid into the open ducts of the system

Fluid is moved along to a lymph node where it is checked for foreign mater, bacteria, viruses, ext. and the lymph node works to kill and remove the foreign matter

Fluid continues along the lymphatic vessels and nodes on its path to the heart where it is reincorporated with the blood vascular system

Question 13

What are the different circulatory patterns?

Answer 13

System pattern
Pulmonary pattern
Lymphatic pattern
Fetal pattern

Question 14

Function and path of the system pattern

Answer 14

Function: Transport and exchange nutrients and waste

Heart, Aorta, Arteries, Capillary bed, Veins, Vena cava, Heart

Question 15

Function and path of the pulmonary pattern

Answer 15

Function: Transport and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Heart, Pulmonary trunk, Pulmonary arteries, Capillary be in lungs, Pulmonary veins, Heart

Question 16

Function and path of the Portal system

Answer 16

Function: Acquire nutrients from GI and filter absorbed material from GI tract in the liver

Heart, Aorta, Arteries, Capillary bed of GI, Hepatic portal vein, Capillary bed of liver, Veins, Vena cava, Heart

Question 17

Chambers of the heart

Answer 17

R & L Atria

R & L Ventricles

Question 18

Wall between the L & R halves of the heart

Answer 18

Sept: Interatrial between atria & interventricular between ventricles

Question 19

Valves of the heart

Answer 19

Atrioventricular valves: R is tricuspid, L is mitral
Pulmonic valve
Aortic valve

Question 20

Holes between atria and ventricles

Answer 20

Atrioventricular orifices

Question 21

Cranialdorsal chambers of the heart

Answer 21

Atria

Question 22

Caudalventral chambers of the heart

Answer 22

Ventricles

Question 23

Tissue acting like a stop cord for the atrioventricular valves

Answer 23

Chordae tendineae- attached to papillary mm. in ventricles

Question 24

Location of the pulmonic valve

Answer 24

R ventricle

Question 25

Location of the aortic valve

Answer 25

L ventricle

Question 26

Vena cava empty blood into which chamber of the heart

Answer 26

R atrium

Question 27

Pulmonary veins empty blood into which chamber of the heart

Answer 27

L atrium

Question 28

Purpose of valves in the circulatory system

Answer 28

Provide a one way flow of fluid

Question 29

Contraction of ventricles is called

Answer 29

Systole

Question 30

Relaxation of ventricles is called

Answer 30

Diastole

Question 31

Path of a blood cell

Answer 31

Vena Cava into RA at low O2 and 2mmhg Diastole- RV drops to 0mmhg, tricuspid opens, blood fills RV Systole- RV up to 25mmhg, tricuspid closes, pulmonic valve opens, blood flows into pulmonary trunk Proceeds to lungs and back to heart via pulmanary veins Blood enters LA at high O2 and 3mmhg Diastole- LV drops to 0mmhg, mitral valve opens, blood fills LV Systole- LV up to 125mmhg, mitral valve closes, aortic valve opens, blood flows into aorta Proceeds to body tissue and back to Vena cava

Question 32

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 32

Systole- ventricles contract, atrioventricular valves close, blood from veins flow into atria, pulmonary and aortic valves open, blood from ventricles flow into pulmonary trunk and aorta Diastole- ventricles relax to 0mmhg, atrioventricular valves open, pulmonary and aortic valves shut, blood flows from atria to ventricles Repeate

Question 33

Blood pressure in pulmonic trunk

Answer 33

25/8 mmhg

Question 34

Blood pressure in aorta

Answer 34

125/80 mmhg

Question 35

What creates heart sounds?

Answer 35

Vibration due to valves closing and turbulence caused by blood flowing against the valves

Question 36

The closure of which valves creates the first heart sound?

Answer 36

Atrioventricular valves, the lub sound

Question 37

The closure of which valves creates the second heart sound?

Answer 37

Pulmonic and aortic valves, the dub sound

Question 38

Serous membrane of the heart is called

Answer 38

Pericardium

Question 39

Name 2 serous cavities of the thorax

Answer 39

Pericardial cavity and pleural cavity

Question 40

Name the 2 walls of the pericardial cavity

Answer 40

``` Visceral pericardium (epicardium) Parietal pericardium ```

Question 41

Pericardial sac is made up of

Answer 41

Mediastinal pleura Fibrous pericardium Parietal pericardium

Question 42

Goals of fetal circulation

Answer 42

Get maximal quality blood ( high oxygen and nutrients) to the brain with minimal mixing with low quality blood

Question 43

Unique fetal structures and their purpose

Answer 43

Umbilical arteries- get blood to the placenta from the fetus Umbilical vein- get blood from the placenta to the fetus Ductus venous- have high quality blood bypass the liver Foramen ovale- have high quality blood bypass the pulmonary system and prevent mixing with low quality blood Ductus arteriosus-have higher quantity of blood bypass the pulmonary system

Question 44

Consequence of birth for the fetal circulatory system

Answer 44

1st breath: inflate lungs, decrease lung resistance, increase blood flow to lungs, increasing oxygen levels in blood thus dilating pulmonary aa., constricting umbilical v. and aa., ductus venosus and arteriosus Increase of blood flow to lungs: decrease pressure in R atrium and increases pressure in L atrium thus closing the fovea ovale

Question 45

Remnants of unique fetal circulatory system

Answer 45

``` Umbilical v.- round lig. of liver Umbilical aa.- round ligg. of urinary bladder Ductus venous- ligamentum venosum Foramen ovale- fossa ovalis Ductus arteriosus- ligamentum arteriosum ```