CKD

Question 1

Causes of CKD

Answer 1

1. Diabetes
2. Hypertension
3. Glomerularnephritis
4. Pyelonephritis
5. Polycystic / familial

Question 2

What are the 4 ways that chronic renal failure can present?

Answer 2

1. Routine blood tests - annual DM/hypertension check ups
2. Anaemia
3. Acute on chronic renal failure
4. Emergencies requiring urgent mx for life threatening complications of renal failure - ( uraemia / hyperkalaemia )

Question 3

What is the most common cause of CKD?

Answer 3

Diabetes mellitus

Question 4

What are the complications of CKD (name 6)

Answer 4

1. fluid overload
2. hypertension
3. hyperkalaemia
4. acidosis
5. anaemia
6. uraemic syndrome
7. mineral bone disease
8. increase cvs risk

Question 5

What do majority of CKD patients die from?

Answer 5

1. Majority of CKS patients die from CVS disease before experiencing end stage kidney diseas

Question 6

What lifestyle advice is offered to CKD management?

Answer 6

1. Encourage exercise
2. Smoking cessation
3. Healthy diet
4. Blood pressure control
5. Management of lipids
6. Glycaemic control

Question 7

When should acidosis be treated?

Answer 7

Treat when venous HCO3 is < 21

Question 8

Why should acidosis be treated in CKD?

Answer 8

• Correction of acidosis might slow progression of eGFR decline
• reduces risk of renal bone disease development
• Reduces risk of hyperkalaemia

Question 9

What is given to treat acidosis in CKD?

Answer 9

Sodium carbonate and aim for high normal serum bicarbonate